Multiple Myeloma

Authors:
Kenneth C. Anderson
Search for other papers by Kenneth C. Anderson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Melissa Alsina
Search for other papers by Melissa Alsina in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
William Bensinger
Search for other papers by William Bensinger in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
J. Sybil Biermann
Search for other papers by J. Sybil Biermann in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Asher Chanan-Khan
Search for other papers by Asher Chanan-Khan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Adam D. Cohen
Search for other papers by Adam D. Cohen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Steven Devine
Search for other papers by Steven Devine in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Benjamin Djulbegovic
Search for other papers by Benjamin Djulbegovic in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD, PhD
,
Cristina Gasparetto
Search for other papers by Cristina Gasparetto in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Carol Ann Huff
Search for other papers by Carol Ann Huff in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Madan Jagasia
Search for other papers by Madan Jagasia in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Bruno C. Medeiros
Search for other papers by Bruno C. Medeiros in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Ruby Meredith
Search for other papers by Ruby Meredith in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD, PhD
,
Noopur Raje
Search for other papers by Noopur Raje in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Jeffrey Schriber
Search for other papers by Jeffrey Schriber in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Seema Singhal
Search for other papers by Seema Singhal in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
George Somlo
Search for other papers by George Somlo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Keith Stockerl-Goldstein
Search for other papers by Keith Stockerl-Goldstein in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Guido Tricot
Search for other papers by Guido Tricot in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD, PhD
,
Julie M. Vose
Search for other papers by Julie M. Vose in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Donna Weber
Search for other papers by Donna Weber in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
,
Joachim Yahalom
Search for other papers by Joachim Yahalom in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
, and
Furhan Yunus
Search for other papers by Furhan Yunus in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD
Full access
  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • 1

    Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E et al.. Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 2009;59:225249.

  • 2

    Brenner H, Gondos A, Pulte D. Recent major improvement in long-term survival of younger patients with multiple myeloma. Blood 2008;111:25212526.

  • 3

    Kumar SK, Rajkumar SV, Dispenzieri A et al.. Improved survival in multiple myeloma and the impact of novel therapies. Blood 2008;111:25162520.

  • 4

    Hideshima T, Anderson KC. Molecular mechanisms of novel therapeutic approaches for multiple myeloma. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2:927937.

  • 5

    Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Witzig TE et al.. Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:2133.

  • 6

    Fonseca R, Barlogie B, Bataille R et al.. Genetics and cytogenetics of multiple myeloma: a Workshop Report. Cancer Res 2004;64:15461558.

  • 7

    Dewald GW, Therneau T, Larson D et al.. Relationship of patient survival and chromosome anomalies detected in metaphase and/or interphase cells at diagnosis of myeloma. Blood 2005;106:35533558.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 8

    Moulopoulos LA, Dimopoulos MA, Weber D et al.. Magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of solitary plasmacytoma of bone. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:13111315.

  • 9

    Durie BG, Waxman AD, D’Agnolo A, Williams CM. Whole-body (18)F-FDG PET identifies high-risk myeloma. J Nucl Med 2002;43:14571463.

  • 10

    Schirrmeister H, Bommer M, Buck AK et al.. Initial results in the assessment of multiple myeloma using 18F-FDG PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002;29:361366.

  • 11

    Dispenzieri A, Kyle R, Merlini G et al.. International Myeloma Working Group guidelines for serum-free light chain analysis in multiple myeloma and related disorders. Leukemia 2009;23:215224.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 12

    Tate JR, Gill D, Cobcroft R, Hickman PE. Practical considerations for the measurement of free light chains in serum. Clin Chem 2003;49:12521257.

  • 13

    Bradwell AR, Carr-Smith HD, Mead GP et al.. Serum test for assessment of patients with Bence Jones myeloma. Lancet 2003;361:489491.

  • 14

    Greipp P, Lust J, O’Fallon M et al.. Plasma cell labeling index and B2-microglobulin predict survival independent of thymidine kinase and C-reactive protein in multiple myeloma. Blood 1993;81:33823387.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 15

    Greipp P, San Miquel J, Durie B et al.. International staging system for multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:34123420.

  • 16

    Knowling MA, Harwood AR, Bergsagel DE. Comparison of extramedullary plasmacytomas with solitary and multiple plasma cell tumors of bone. J Clin Oncol 1983;1:255262.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 17

    Dimopoulos MA, Goldstein J, Fuller L et al.. Curability of solitary bone plasmacytoma. J Clin Oncol 1992;10:587590.

  • 18

    Hu K, Yahalom J. Radiotherapy in the management of plasma cell tumors. Oncology 2000;14:101111.

  • 19

    Kato T, Tsukamoto E, Nishioka T et al.. Early detection of bone marrow involvement in extramedullary plasmacytoma by whole-body F-18 FDG positron emission tomography. Clin Nucl Med 2000;25:870873.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 20

    Schirrmeister H, Bommer M, Buck AK et al.. Initial results in the assessment of multiple myeloma using 18F-FDG PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002;29:361366.

  • 21

    Jadvar H, Conti PS. Diagnostic utility of FDG PET in multiple myeloma. Skeletal Radiol 2002;31:690694.

  • 22

    Orchard K, Barrington S, Buscombe J et al.. Fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging for the detection of occult disease in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2002;117:133135.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 23

    Schirrmeister H, Buck AK, Bergmann L et al.. Positron emission tomography (PET) for staging of solitary plasmacytoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2003;8:841845.

  • 24

    Bredella MA, Steinbach L, Caputo G et al.. Value of FDG PET in the assessment of patients with multiple myeloma. Am J Roentgenol 2005;184:11991204.

  • 25

    Harousseau JL, Mathiot C, Attal M et al.. Bortezomib/dexamethasone versus VAD as induction prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in previously untreated multiple myeloma (MM): updated data from IFM 2005/01 trial [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl 15):Abstract 8505.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 26

    Sonneveld P, van der Holt B, Schmidt-Wolf IGH et al.. First analysis of HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 randomized phase III trial comparing bortezomib, adriamycin, dexamethasone (PAD) vs VAD as induction treatment prior to high dose melphalan (HDM) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) [abstract]. Blood 2008;112:243a. Abstract 653.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 27

    Cavo M, Tacchetti P, Patriarca F et al.. Superior complete response rate and progression-free survival after autologous transplantation with up-front Velcade-thalidomide-dexamethasone compared with thalidomide-dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma [abstract]. Blood 2008;112:Abstract 158.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 28

    Richardson P, Jagannath S, Raje N et al.. Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (Rev/Vel/Dex) as front-line therapy for patients with multiple myeloma (MM): preliminary results of a phase II study [abstract]. Blood 2007;110:Abstract 187.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 29

    Richardson P, Lonial S, Jakubowiak A et al.. Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: encouraging efficacy in high risk groups with updated results of a phase I/II study [abstract]. Blood 2008;112:Abstract 92.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 30

    Richardson PG, Sonneveld P, Schuster MW et al.. Bortezomib or high-dose dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2005;352:24872498.

  • 31

    Mateos MV, Hernandez JM, Hernandez MT et al.. Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone in elderly untreated patients with multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter phase 1/2 trial. Blood 2006;108:21652172.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 32

    Zonder AJ, Crowley J, Hussein M et al.. Superiority of lenalidomide (Len) plus high-dose Dexamethasone (HD) compared to HD alone as treatment of newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM): results of the randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled SWOG trial S0232 [abstract]. Blood 2007;110:Abstract 77.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 33

    Rajkumar SV, Jacobus S, Callander N et al.. A randomized phase III trial of lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone versus lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (E4A03): a trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [abstract]. Blood 2006;108:Abstract 799.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 34

    Rajkumar SV, Jacobus S, Callander N et al.. Randomized trial of lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone (RD) versus lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone (Rd) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (E4A03): a trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [abstract]. Blood 2007;110:Abstract 74.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 35

    Paripati H, Stewart AK, Cabou S et al.. Compromised stem cell mobilization following induction therapy with lenalidomide in myeloma. Leukemia 2008;22:12821284.

  • 36

    Kumar S, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ et al.. Impact of lenalidomide therapy on stem cell mobilization and engraftment post-peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. Leukemia 2007;21:20352042.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 37

    Mazumder A, Kaufman J, Niesvizky R et al.. Effect of lenalidomide therapy on mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells in previously untreated multiple myeloma patients. Leukemia 2008;22:12801281.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 38

    Palumbo A, Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA et al.. Prevention of thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma. Leukemia 2008;22:414423.

  • 39

    Rajkumar SV, Blood E, Vesole D et al.. Phase III clinical trial of thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone alone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a clinical trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:431436.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 40

    Rifkin RM, Gregory SA, Mohrbacher A, Hussein MA. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone provide significant reduction in toxicity compared with doxorubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a phase III multicenter randomized trial. Cancer 2006;106:848858.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 41

    Gregory WM, Richards MA, Malpas JS. Combination chemotherapy vs. melphalan and prednisolone in the treatment of multiple myeloma: an overview of published trials. J Clin Oncol 1992;10:334342.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 42

    Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Caravita T et al.. Oral melphalan and prednisone chemotherapy plus thalidomide compared with melphalan and prednisone alone in elderly patients with multiple myeloma: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006;367:825831.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 43

    Facon T, Mary JY, Hulin C et al.. Melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide versus melphalan and prednisone alone or reduced-intensity autologous stem cell transplantation in elderly patients with multiple myeloma (IFM 99-06): a randomised trial. Lancet 2007;370:12091218.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 44

    Hulin C, Facon T, Rodon P et al.. Melphalan- prednisone-thalidomide (MP-T) demonstrates a significant survival advantage in elderly patients 75 years with multiple myeloma compared with melphalan-prednisone (MP) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, IFM 01/01 [abstract]. Blood 2007;110:Abstract 75

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 45

    Waage A, Gimsing P, Juliusson G et al.. Melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide to newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma: a placebo controlled randomised phase III trial [abstract]. Blood 2007;110: Abstract 78.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 46

    Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Liberati AM et al.. Oral melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide in elderly patients with multiple myeloma: updated results of a randomized controlled trial. Blood 2008;112:31073114.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 47

    Wijermans P, Schaafsma M, van Norden Y et al.. Melphalan + prednisone versus melphalan + prednisone + thalidomide induction therapy for multiple myeloma in elderly patients: first interim results of the Dutch cooperative group HOVON [abstract]. Haematologica 2008;93:Abstract 178.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 48

    San Miguel JF, Schlag R, Khuageva NK et al.. Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone for initial treatment of multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2008;359:906917.

  • 49

    Miguel JFS, Schlag R, Khuageva NK et al.. Updated follow-up and results of subsequent therapy in the phase III VISTA trial: bortezomib plus melphalan-prednisone versus melphalan-prednisone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma [abstract]. Blood 2008;112:Abstract 650.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 50

    Badros A, Barlogie B, Morris C et al.. High response rate in refractory and poor-risk multiple myeloma after allotransplantation using a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen and donor lymphocyte infusions. Blood 2001;97:25742579.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 51

    Kroger N, Schwerdtfeger R, Kiehl M et al.. Autologous stem cell transplantation followed by a dose-reduced allograft induces high complete remission rate in multiple myeloma. Blood 2002;100:755760.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 52

    Maloney D, Sahebi F, Stockerl-Goldstein KE et al.. Combining an allogenic graft versus myeloma effect with high dose autologous stem cell rescue in the treatment of multiple myeloma [abstract]. Blood 2001;98:Abstract 434a.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 53

    Moreau P, Facon T, Attal M et al.. Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome. Comparison of 200 mg/m(2) melphalan and 8 Gy total body irradiation plus 140 mg/m(2) melphalan as conditioning regimens for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: final analysis of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome 9502 randomized trial. Blood 2002;99:731735.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 54

    Attal M, Harousseau JL, Stoppa AM et al.. A prospective, randomized trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Francais du Myelome. N Engl J Med 1996;335:9197.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 55

    Child JA, Morgan GJ, Davies FE et al.. Medical Research Council Adult Leukaemia Working Party. High-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2003;348:18751883.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 56

    Barlogie B, Kyle RA, Anderson KC et al.. Standard chemotherapy compared with high dose chemoradiotherapy for multiple myeloma. Final results of phase III US Intergroup Trial S9321. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:929936.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 57

    Fermand JP, Katsahian S, Divine M et al.. High dose therapy and autologous blood stem cell transplantation compared with conventional treatment in myeloma patients aged 55 to 65 years: long term results of a randomized control trial from the Group Myelome-Autogreffe. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:92279233.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 58

    Corradini P, Cavo M, Lokhorst H et al.. Molecular remission after myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation predicts a better relapse-free survival in patients with multiple myeloma Blood 2003;102:19271929.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 59

    Kumar S, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A et al.. High-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma poorly responsive to initial therapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004;34:161167.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 60

    Hahn T, Wingard JR, Anderson KC et al.. The role of cytotoxic therapy with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the therapy of multiple myeloma: an evidenced based review. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2003;9:437.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 61

    Attal M, Harousseau JL, Facon T et al.. Single versus double autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2003;349:24952502.

  • 62

    Stadtmauer EA. Multiple myeloma 2004—one or two transplants? N Engl J Med 2003;349:25512553.

  • 63

    Fermand JP, Katsahian S, Devine M et al.. High-dose therapy and autologous blood stem-cell transplantation compared with conventional treatment in myeloma patients aged 55 to 65 years: long-term results of a randomized control trial from the Group Myelome-Autogreffe. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:92279233.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 64

    Goldschmidt H. Single vs double high-dose therapy in multiple myeloma: second analysis of the GMMG-HD2 trial [abstract]. Haematologica 2005;90(Suppl 1):Abstract 38.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 65

    Sonneveld P, van der Holt B, Segeren C et al.. Intensive versus double intensive therapy in untreated multiple myeloma: updated analysis of the randomized phase III study HOVON 24 MM [abstract]. Blood 2004;104:Abstract 948.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 66

    Cavo M, Tosi P, Zamagni E et al.. Prospective, randomized study of single compared with double autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: Bologna 96 Clinical Study. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:24342441.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 67

    Kyle RA. High dose therapy in multiple myeloma and primary amyloidosis: an overview. Semin Oncol 1999;26:7483.

  • 68

    Kumar A, Loughran T, Alsina M et al.. Management of multiple myeloma: a systematic review and critical appraisal of published studies. Lancet Oncol 2003;4:293304.

  • 69

    Bruno B, Rotta M, Patriarca F et al.. A comparison of allografting with autografting for newly diagnosed myeloma. N Engl J Med 2007;356:11101120.

  • 70

    Garban F, Attal M, Michallet M et al.. Prospective comparison of autologous stem cell transplantation followed by dose-reduced allograft (IFM99-03 trial) with tandem autologous stem cell transplantation (IFM99-04 trial) in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma. Blood 2006;107:34743480.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 71

    Maloney DG, Molina AJ, Sahebi F et al.. Allografting with nonmyeloablative conditioning following cytoreductive autograft for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Blood 2003;102:34473454.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 72

    Crawley C, Lalancette M, Szydlo R et al.. Outcome for reduced intensity allogeneic transplantation for multiple myeloma: an analysis of prognostic factors from the Chronic Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT. Blood 2005;105:45324539.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 73

    Zeiser R, Bertz H, Spyridonidis A et al.. Donor lymphocyte infusions for multiple myeloma: clinical results and novel perspectives. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004;34:923928.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 74

    Browman GP, Bergsagel D, Sicheri D et al.. Randomized trial of interferon maintenance in multiple myeloma: a study of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:23542360.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 75

    Shustik C, Belch A, Robinson S et al.. Dexamethasone (dex) maintenance versus observation (obs) in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study: MY.7 [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2004;22(Suppl 14):Abstract 6510.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 76

    Fritz E, Ludwig H. Interferon-alpha treatment in multiple myeloma: meta-analysis of 30 randomized trials among 3948 patients. Ann Oncol 2000;11:14271436.

  • 77

    Brinker BT, Waller EK, Leong T et al.. Maintenance therapy with thalidomide improves overall survival after autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Cancer 2006;106:21712180.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 78

    Attal M, Harousseau JL, Leyvraz S et al.. Maintenance therapy with thalidomide improves survival in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood 2006;108:32893294.

  • 79

    Spencer A, Prince M, Roberts AW et al.. First analysis of the Australian leukaemia and lymphoma group (ALLG) trial of thalidomide and alternate day prednisone following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for patients with multiple myeloma (ALLGMM6) [abstract]. Blood 2006;108:Abstract 58.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 80

    Barlogie B, Kyle RA, Anderson KC et al.. Standard chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemoradiotherapy for multiple myeloma: final results of phase III US Intergroup trial S9321. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:929936.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 81

    Barlogie B, Tricot G, Anaissie E et al.. Thalidomide and hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Eng J Med 2006;354:10211030.

  • 82

    Richardson P, Sonneveld P, Schuster M et al.. Extended follow-up of a phase 3 trial in relapsed multiple myeloma: final time-to-event results of the APEX trial. Blood 2007;110:35573560.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 83

    Jagannath S, Richardson PG, Sonneveld P et al.. Bortezomib appears to overcome the poor prognosis conferred by chromosome 13 deletion in phase 2 and 3 trials. Leukemia 2007;21:151157.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 84

    Orlowski RZ, Nagler A, Sonneveld P et al.. Randomized phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin plus bortezomib compared with bortezomib alone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: combination therapy improves time to progression. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:38923901.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 85

    Weber DM, Chen C, Niesvizky R et al.. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma in North America. N Engl J Med 2007;357:21332142.

  • 86

    Dimopoulos M, Spencer A, Attal M et al.. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma N Engl J Med 2007;357:21232132.

  • 87

    Richardson P, Jagannath S, Hussein M et al.. A muticenter, single arm, open label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single agent lenalidomide in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma [abstract]. Blood 2005;106:Abstract 2550.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 88

    Rajkumar SV, Fonseca R, Dispenzieri A et al.. Thalidomide in the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc 2000;75:897901.

  • 89

    Lee CK, Barlogie B, Munshi N et al.. DTPACE: an effective, novel combination chemotherapy with thalidomide for previously treated patients with myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:27322739.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 90

    Singhal S, Mehta J, Desikan R et al.. Antitumor activity of thalidomide in refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 1999;341:15651571.

  • 91

    Waage A, Gimsing P, Juliusson G et al.. Early response predicts thalidomide efficiency in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Br J Haematology 2004;125:149155.

  • 92

    Mohty M, Attal M, Marit G et al.. Thalidomide salvage therapy following allogeneic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: a retrospective study from the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM) and the Society Francaise de Greffe de Moelle et Therapie Cellulairs (SFGM-TC). Bone Marrow Transplant 2005;35:165169.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 93

    Knop S, Straka C, Haen M et al.. The efficacy and toxicity of bendamustine in recurrent multiple myeloma after high-dose chemotherapy. Haematologica 2005;90:12871288.

  • 94

    Richardson P, Jagannath S, Avigan DE et al.. Lenalidomide plus bortezomib (Rev-Vel) in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (MM): final results of a multicenter phase 1 trial [abstract]. Blood 2006;108:Abstract 405.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 95

    Anderson KC, Jagannath S, Jakubowiak A et al.. Phase II study of lenalidomide (Len), bortezomib (Bz), and dexamethasone (Dex) in patients (pts) with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl 15):Abstract 8545.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 96

    Ikhlaque N, Seshadri V, Kathula S, Baumann MA. Efficacy of prophylactic warfarin for prevention of thalidomide-related deep venous thrombosis. Am J Hematol 2006;81:420422.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 97

    Baz R, Li L, Kottke-Marchant K et al.. The role of aspirin in the prevention of thrombotic complications of thalidomide and anthracycline-based chemotherapy for multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80:15681574.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 98

    Berenson JR, Lichtenstein A, Porter L et al.. Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal events in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 1996;334:488493.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 99

    Berenson JR, Lichtenstein A, Porter L et al.. Long-term pamidronate treatment of advanced multiple myeloma patients reduces skeletal events. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:593602.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 100

    Major P, Lortholary A, Hon J et al.. Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: a pooled analysis of two randomized, controlled clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:558567.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 101

    Bloomfield DJ. Should bisphosphonates be part of the standard therapy of patients with multiple myeloma or bone metastases from other cancers? An evidence-based review. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:12181225.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 102

    Kyle RA, Yee GC, Somerfield MR et al.. American Society of Clinical Oncology 2007 clinical practice guideline update on the role of bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:24642472.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 103

    Zervas K, Verrou E, Teleioudis Z et al.. Incidence, risk factors and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma: a single-centre experience in 303 patients. Br J Haematol 2006;134:620623.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 104

    Lindsley H, Teller D, Noonan B et al.. Hyperviscosity syndrome in multiple myeloma. A reversible, concentration-dependent aggregation of the myeloma protein. Am J Med 1973;54:682688.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 105

    Ludwig H, Fritz E, Kotzmann H et al.. Erythropoietin treatment of anemia associated with multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 1990;322:16931699.

  • 106

    Osterborg A, Boogaerts MA, Cimino R et al.. Recombinant human erythropoietin in transfusion-dependent anemic patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma—a randomized multicenter study. Blood 1996;87:2675682.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 107

    Chanan-Khan A, Sonneveld P, Schuster MW et al.. Analysis of herpes zoster events among bortezomib-treated patients in the phase III APEX study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:47844790.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 108

    Falk RH, Comenzo RL, Skinner M. The systemic amyloidoses: current approaches to diagnosis and treatment. N Engl J Med 1997;337:898909.

  • 109

    Skinner M, Sanchorawala V, Seldin DC et al.. High-dose melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with AL amyloidosis: an 8-year study. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:8593.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 110

    Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA, Lacy MQ et al.. Superior survival in primary systemic amyloidosis patients undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplant: a case control study. Blood 2004;103:39603963.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 111

    Gertz MA, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A. Therapy for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: the new and the old. Blood Rev 2004;18:1737.

  • 112

    Palladini G, Perfetti V, Obici L et al.. Association of melphalan and high-dose dexamethasone is effective and well tolerated in patients with AL (primary) amyloidosis who are ineligible for stem cell transplantation. Blood 2004;103:29362938.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 113

    Comenzo RL, Gertz MA. Autologous stem cell transplantation for primary systemic amyloidosis. Blood 2002;99:42764282.

  • 114

    Dhodapkar MV, Hussein MA, Rasmussen E et al.. Clinical efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone with maintenance dexamethasone/alpha interferon in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis: results of United States Intergroup Trial Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) S9628. Blood 2004;104:35203526.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 115

    Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, Zeldenrust SR et al.. The activity of lenalidomide with or without dexamethasone in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis. Blood 2007;109:465470.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 116

    Sanchorawala V, Wright DG, Rosenzweig M et al.. Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in the treatment of AL amyloidosis: results of a phase 2 trial. Blood 2007;109:492496.

  • 117

    Wechalekar AD, Lachmann HJ, Offer M et al.. Efficacy of bortezomib in systemic AL amyloidosis with relapsed/refractory clonal disease. Haematologica 2008;93:295298.

  • 118

    Dimopoulos MA, Alexanian R. Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Blood 1994;83:14521459.

  • 119

    Ghobrial IM, Gertz MA, Fonseca R. Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. Lancet Oncol 2003;4:679685.

  • 120

    McIntyre OR. Laboratory investigation of myeloma. In: Malpas JS, Bergsagel DE, Kyle RA et al.., eds. Myeloma: Biology and Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1998:217.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 121

    Dimopoulos MA, Kantarjian H, Estey E et al.. Treatment of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:195198.

  • 122

    Dimopoulos MA, Zervas C, Zomas A et al.. Treatment of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia with rituximab. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:23272333.

  • 123

    Dimopoulos MA, Zomas A, Viniou NA et al.. Treatment of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia with thalidomide. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:35963601.

  • 124

    Chen CI, Kouroukis CT, White D et al.. Bortezomib is active in patients with untreated or relapsed Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia: a phase II study of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:15701575.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 125

    Gertz MA, Anagnostopoulos A, Anderson KC et al.. Treatment recommendations in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia: consensus panel recommendations from the Second International Workshop on Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia. Semin Oncol 2003;30:121126.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 126

    Gertz MA. Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia: a review of therapy. Leuk Lymphoma 2002;43:15171526.

  • 127

    Dimopoulos MA, Gertz MA, Kastritis E et al.. Update on treatment recommendations from the Fourth International Workshop on Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:120126.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 128

    Dimopoulos MA, Kantarjian H, Weber D et al.. Primary therapy of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. J Clin Oncol 1994;2:26942698.

  • 129

    Foran JM, Rohatiner AZ, Coiffier B et al.. Multicenter phase II study of fludarabine phosphate for patients with newly diagnosed lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, and mantle-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:546553.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 130

    Dimopoulos MA, O’Brien S, Kantarjian H et al.. Treatment of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia with nucleoside analogues. Leuk Lymphoma 1993;11(Suppl 2):105108.

  • 131

    Treon SP, Agus DB, Link B et al.. CD20-directed antibody-mediated immunotherapy induces responses and facilitates hematologic recovery in patients with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. J Immunotherapy 2001;24:272279.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

Metrics

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 0 0 0
Full Text Views 6076 1671 219
PDF Downloads 2664 213 21
EPUB Downloads 0 0 0