Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E et al.. Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 2009;59:225–229.
Greene F, Page D, Fleming I, Fritz A. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2002.
Hemminki K, Eng C. Clinical genetic counselling for familial cancers requires reliable data on familial cancer risks and general action plans. J Med Genet 2004;41:801–807.
Ahsan H, Neugut AI, Garbowski GC et al.. Family history of colorectal adenomatous polyps and increased risk for colorectal cancer. Ann Intern Med 1998;128:900–905.
Bonelli L, Martines H, Conio M et al.. Family history of colorectal cancer as a risk factor for benign and malignant tumours of the large bowel. A case-control study. Int J Cancer 1988;41:513–517.
Compton CC, Greene FL. The staging of colorectal cancer: 2004 and beyond. CA Cancer J Clin 2004;54:295–308.
O’Connell JB, Maggard MA, Ko CY. Colon cancer survival rates with the new American Joint Committee on Cancer sixth edition staging. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:1420–1425.
Burke HB. Outcome prediction and the future of the TNM staging system. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:1408–1409.
Compton CC. Updated protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with carcinomas of the colon and rectum, excluding carcinoid tumors, lymphomas, sarcomas, and tumors of the vermiform appendix: a basis for checklists. Cancer Committee. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000;124:1016–1025.
Compton CC, Fielding LP, Burgart LJ et al.. Prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. College of American Pathologists Consensus Statement 1999. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000;124:979–994.
Greene FL, Stewart AK, Norton HJ. A new TNM staging strategy for node-positive (stage III) colon cancer: an analysis of 50,042 patients. Ann Surg 2002;236:416–421.
Sobin LH, Greene FL. TNM classification. Clarification of number of regional lymph nodes for pN0. Cancer 2001;92:452.
Sarli L, Bader G, Iusco D et al.. Number of lymph nodes examined and prognosis of TNM stage II colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2005;41:272–279.
Le Voyer T, Sigurdson E, Hamlin A et al.. Colon cancer survival is associated with increasing number of lymph nodes analyzed: a secondary survey of intergroup trial INT-0089. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:2912–2919.
Bilimoria K, Palis B, Stewart AK et al.. Impact of tumor location on nodal evaluation for colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2008;51:154–161.
Newland RC, Dent OF, Lyttle MN et al.. Pathologic determinants of survival associated with colorectal cancer with lymph node metastases. A multivariate analysis of 579 patients. Cancer 1994;73:2076–2082.
Chapuis PH, Dent OF, Bokey EL et al.. Adverse histopathological findings as a guide to patient management after curative resection of node-positive colonic cancer. Br J Surg 2004;91:349–354.
Wong SL, Hong J, Hollenbeck BK et al.. Hospital lymph node examination rates and survival after resection for colon cancer. JAMA 2007;298:2149–2154.
Redston M, Compton CC, Miedema BW et al.. Analysis of micrometastatic disease in sentinel lymph nodes from resectable colon cancer: results of Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial 80001. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:878–883.
Saha S, Van A, Beutler T et al.. Sentinel lymph mapping techniques in colorectal cancer. Semin Oncol 2004;31:374–381.
Wiese DA, Saha S, Badin J et al.. Pathologic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in colorectal carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000;124:1759–1763.
Bertagnolli M, Miedema B, Redston M et al.. Sentinel node staging of resectable colon cancer: results of a multicenter study. Ann Surg 2004;240:624–628; discussion 628–630.
Noura S, Yamamoto H, Miyake Y et al.. Immunohistochemical assessment of localization and frequency of micrometastases in lymph nodes of colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:759–767.
Baselga J, Rosen N. Determinants of RASistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1582–1584.
Amado RG, Wolf M, Peeters M et al.. Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1626–1634.
Khambata-Ford S, Garrett CR, Meropol NJ et al.. Expression of epiregulin and amphiregulin and K-ras mutation status predict disease control in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3230–3237.
De Roock W, Piessevaux H, De Schutter J et al.. KRAS wild-type state predicts survival and is associated to early radiological response in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. Ann Oncol 2008;19:508–515.
Punt CJ, Tol J, Rodenburg CJ et al.. Randomized phase III study of capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab with or without cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer, the CAIRO2 study of the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl 1):Abstract LBA 4011.
Bokemeyer C, Bondarenko I, Makhson A et al.. Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with and without cetuximab in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:663–771.
Tejpar S, Peeters M, Humblet Y et al.. Relationship of efficacy with KRAS status (wild type versus mutant) in patients with irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, treated with irinotecan and escalating doses of cetuximab: the EVEREST experience (preliminary data) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl 1):Abstract 4001.
Van Cutsem E, Henning-Kohne C, Hitre E et al.. Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2009; 36014:1408–1417.
Lièvre A, Bachet JB, Boige V et al.. KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:374–379.
Karapetis CS, Khambata-Ford S, Jonker DJ et al.. K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1757–1765.
Lievre A, Bachet J-B, Boige V et al.. KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treatment with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:374–379.
Artale S, Sartore-Bianchi A, Veronese SM et al.. Mutations in KRAS and BRAF in primary and matched metastatic sites of colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:4217–4219.
Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Formento JL, Francoual M et al.. KRAS mutations in treatment outcome in colorectal cancer in patients receiving exclusive fluoropyrimidine. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:4830–4835.
Cooper HS, Deppisch LM, Gourley WK et al.. Endoscopically removed malignant colorectal polyps: clinicopathologic correlations. Gastroenterology 1995;108:1657–1665.
Markowitz AJ, Winawer SJ. Management of colorectal polyps. CA Cancer J Clin 1997;47:93–112.
Nivatvongs S, Rojanasakul A, Reiman HM et al.. The risk of lymph node metastasis in colorectal polyps with invasive adenocarcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:323–328.
Volk EE, Goldblum JR, Petras RE et al.. Management and outcome of patients with invasive carcinoma arising in colorectal polyps. Gastroenterology 1995;109:1801–1807.
Ueno H, Mochizuki H, Hashiguchi Y et al.. Risk factors for an adverse outcome in early invasive colorectal carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2004;127:385–394.
Seitz U, Bohnacker S, Seewald S et al.. Is endoscopic polypectomy an adequate therapy for malignant colorectal adenomas? Presentation of 114 patients and review of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum 2004;47:1789–1796.
Haggitt RC, Glotzbach RE, Soffer EE, Wruble LD. Prognostic factors in colorectal carcinomas arising in adenomas: implications for lesions removed by endoscopic polypectomy. Gastroenterology 1985;89:328–336.
Crawley J, Petras R, Carey W et al.. When is endoscopic polypectomy adequate therapy for colonic polyps containing invasive cancer? Gastroenterology 1986;91:419–427.
Winawer SJ, Fletcher RH, Miller L et al.. Colorectal cancer screening: clinical guidelines and rationale. Gastroenterology 1997;112:594–642.
Balthazar EJ, Megibow AJ, Hulnick D, Naidich DP. Carcinoma of the colon: detection and preoperative staging by CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988;150:301–306.
Cohen AM. Surgical considerations in patients with cancer of the colon and rectum. Semin Oncol 1991;18:381–387.
Joseph NE, Sigurdson ER, Hanlon AL et al.. Accuracy of determining nodal negativity in colorectal cancer on the basis of the number of nodes retrieved on resection. Ann Surg Oncol 2003;10:213–218.
Berger AC, Sigurdson ER, LeVoyer T et al.. Colon cancer survival is associated with decreasing ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8706–8712.
Johnson PM, Porter GA, Ricciardi R, Baxter NN. Increasing negative lymph node count is independently associated with improved long-term survival in stage IIIB and IIIC colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3570–3575.
Lacy AM, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Delgado S et al.. Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:2224–2229.
Buunen M, Veldkamp R, Hop WC et al.. Survival after laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer: long-term outcome of a randomised clinical trial. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:44–52.
Jayne DG, Guillou, Thorpe H et al.. Randomized trial of laparoscopic-assisted resection of colorectal carcinoma: 3-year results of the UK MRC CLASICC trial group. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3061–3068.
Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy Study Group. A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2050–2059.
Fleshman J, Sargent DJ, Green E et al.. Laparoscopic colectomy for cancer is not inferior to open surgery based on 5-year data from the COST study group trial. Ann Surg 2007;246:655–664.
Kuhry E, Schwenk W, Gaupset R et al.. Long-term results of laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;CD003432.
Bonjer HJ, Hop WC, Nelson H et al.. Laparoscopically assisted vs open colectomy for colon cancer: a meta-analysis. Arch Surg 2007;142:298–303.
Jackson TD, Kaplan GG, Arena G et al.. Laparoscopic versus open resection for colorectal cancer: a metaanalysis of oncologic outcomes. J Am Coll Surg 2007;204:439–446.
Kuhry E, Bonjer HJ, Haglind E et al.. Impact of hospital case volume on short-term outcome after laparoscopic operation for colonic cancer. Surg Endosc 2005;19:687–692.
Kienle P, Weitz J, Koch M, Buchler MW. Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2006;8(Suppl 3):33–36.
Wagman LJ. Laparoscopic and open surgery for colorectal cancer: reaching equipoise? J Clin Oncol 2007;25:2996–2998.
Wishner JD, Baker JW Jr, Hoffman GC et al.. Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. The learning curve. Surg Endosc 1995;9:1179–1183.
Nelson H, Weeks JC, Wieand HS. Proposed phase III trial comparing laparoscopic-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for colon cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1995;19:51–56.
Ota D, Nelson H, Weeks J et al.. Controversies regarding laparoscopic colectomy for malignant diseases. Curr Opin Gen Surg 1994:208–213.
Sun W, Haller DG. Adjuvant therapy of colon cancer. Semin Oncol 2005;32:95–102.
Baddi L, Benson A III. Adjuvant therapy in stage II colon cancer: current approaches. Oncologist 2005;10:325–331.
Benson AB III. New approaches to the adjuvant therapy of colon cancer. Oncologist 2006;11:973–980.
Andre T, Boni C, Mounedji-Boudiaf L et al.. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2343–2351.
de Gramont A, Boni C, Navarro M et al.. Oxaliplatin/5FU/LV in the adjuvant treatment of stage II and stage III colon cancer: efficacy results with a median follow-up of 4 years [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(Suppl 1):Abstract 3501.
de Gramont A, Boni C, Navarro M et al.. Oxaliplatin/5-FU/LV in adjuvant colon cancer: updated efficacy results of the MOSAIC trial, including survival, with a median follow-up of 6 years [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(Suppl 1):Abstract 4007.
Sargent DJ, Wieand HS, Haller DG et al.. Disease-free survival versus overall survival as a primary end point for adjuvant colon cancer studies: individual patient data from 20,898 patients on 18 randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8664–8670.
Sargent DJ. Time-dependent patterns of failure and treatment benefit from adjuvant therapy for resectable colon cancer: lessons from the 20,800-patient ACCENT dataset [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(Suppl 1):Abstract 4008.
Sargent D, Sobrero A, Grothey A et al.. Evidence for cure by adjuvant therapy in colon cancer: observations based on individual patient data from 20,898 patients on 18 randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:872–877.
Andre T, Boni C, Navarro M et al.. Improved overall survival with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment in stage II or III colon cancer in the MOSAIC trial. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3109–3116.
Saltz L, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis D et al.. Irinotecan fluorouracil plus leucovorin alone as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer: results of CALGB 89803. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3456–3461.
Rothenberg ML, Meropol NJ, Poplin EA et al.. Mortality associated with irinotecan plus bolus fluorouracil/leucovorin: summary findings of an independent panel. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3801–3807.
Van Cutsem E, Labianca R, Bodoky G et al.. Randomized phase III trial comparing biweekly infusional fluorouracil/leucovorin alone or with irinotecan in the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer: PETACC-3. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3117–3125.
Ychou M, Raoul JL, Douillard JY et al.. A phase III randomized trial of LV5FU2 + CPT-11 vs. LV5FU2 alone in adjuvant high risk colon cancer (FNCLCC Accord02/FFCD9802). Ann Oncol 2009;20:674–680.
Wolmark N, Wieand H, Kuebler J et al.. A phase III trial comparing FULV to FULV + oxaliplatin in stage II or III carcinoma of the colon: results of NSABP Protocol C-07 [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(Suppl 1):Abstract 3500.
Kuebler JP, Wieand S, O’Connell MJ et al.. Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III colon cancer: results from NSABP C-07. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:2198–2204.
Twelves C, Wong A, Nowacki MP et al.. Capecitabine as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2696–2704.
Efficacy of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid in colon cancer. International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of Colon Cancer Trials (IMPACT) investigators. Lancet 1995;345:939–944.
International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of B2 Colon Cancer Trials (IMPACT B2) Investigators. Efficacy of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid in B2 colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:1356–1363.
Gill S, Loprinzi CL, Sargent DJ et al.. Pooled analysis of fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy for stage II and III colon cancer: who benefits and by how much? J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1797–1806.
Schrag D, Rifas-Shiman S, Saltz L et al.. Adjuvant chemotherapy use for Medicare beneficiaries with stage II colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3999–4005.
Wolmark N, Rockette H, Mamounas E et al.. Clinical trial to assess the relative efficacy of fluorouracil and leucovorin, fluorouracil and levamisole, and fluorouracil, leucovorin, and levamisole in patients with Dukes’ B and C carcinoma of the colon: results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project C-04. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:3553–3559.
Haller DG, Catalano PJ, Macdonald JS et al.. Phase III study of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and levamisole in high-risk stage II and III colon cancer: final report of Intergroup 0089. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8671–8678.
Quasar Collaborative Group Gray R, Barnwell J, McConkey C et al.. Adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in patients with colorectal cancer: a randomised study. Lancet 2007;370:2020–2029.
Benson AB III, Schrag D, Somerfield MR et al.. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:3408–3419.
Love N, Bylund C, Meropol NJ et al.. How well do we communicate with patients concerning adjuvant systemic therapy? A survey of 150 colorectal cancer survivors [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(Suppl 1):Abstract 4200.
Hong TS, Ritter MA, Tome WA, Harari PM. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy: emerging cancer treatment technology. Br J Cancer 2005;92:1819–1824.
Benson AB III. New approaches to assessing and treating early-stage colon and rectal cancers: cooperative group strategies for assessing optimal appro0aches in early-stage disease. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:6913s–6920s.
Van Cutsem E, Nordlinger B, Adam R et al.. Towards a pan-European consensus on the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Cancer 2006;42:2212–2221.
Yoo PS, Lopez-Soler RI, Longo WE, Cha CH. Liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer in the age of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and bevacizumab. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2006;6:202–207.
Kemeny N. Management of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Oncology (Williston Park) 2006;20:1161–1176, 1179; discussion 1179–1180, 1185–1166.
Muratore A, Zorzi D, Bouzari H et al.. Asymptomatic colorectal cancer with un-resectable liver metastases: immediate colorectal resection or up-front systemic chemotherapy? Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:766–770.
Alberts SR, Horvath WL, Sternfeld WC et al.. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for patients with unresectable liver-only metastases from colorectal cancer: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:9243–9249.
Fong Y, Cohen AM, Fortner JG et al.. Liver resection for colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:938–946.
Tsai M, Su Y, Ho M et al.. Clinicopathological features and prognosis in resectable synchronous and metachronous colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:786–794.
Poultsides GA, Servais EL, Saltz LB et al.. Outcome of primary tumor in patients with synchronous stage IV colorectal cancer receiving combination chemotherapy without surgery as initial treatment. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3379–3384.
Foster JH. Treatment of metastatic disease of the liver: a skeptic’s view. Semin Liver Dis 1984;4:170–179.
Stangl R, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Charnley RM, Scheele J.. Factors influencing the natural history of colorectal liver metastases. Lancet 1994;343:1405–1410.
Venook AP. The Kemeny article reviewed. Oncology 2006;20:477–484.
Choti MA, Sitzmann JV, Tiburi MF et al.. Trends in long-term survival following liver resection for hepatic colorectal metastases. Ann Surg 2002;235:759–766.
Pawlik TM, Scoggins CR, Zorzi D et al.. Effect of surgical margin status on survival and site of recurrence after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Ann Surg 2005;241:715–722.
Charnsangavej C, Clary B, Fong Y et al.. Selection of patients for resection of hepatic colorectal metastases: expert consensus statement. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:1261–1268.
Vauthey JN, Zorzi D, Pawlik TM. Making unresectable hepatic colorectal metastases resectable--does it work? Semin Oncol 2005;32(Suppl 9):S118–122.
Pozzo C, Basso M, Cassano A et al.. Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable liver disease with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid in colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2004;15:933–939.
Altendorf-Hofmann A, Scheele J. A critical review of the major indicators of prognosis after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2003;12:165–192.
Pawlik TM, Schulick RD, Choti MA. Expanding criteria for resectability of colorectal liver metastases. Oncologist 2008;13:51–64.
Folprecht G, Grothey A, Alberts S et al.. Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases: correlation between tumour response and resection rates. Ann Oncol 2005;16:1311–1319.
Reddy SK, Pawlik TM, Zorzi D et al.. Simultaneous resections of colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases: a multi-institutional analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:3481–3491.
Covey AM, Brown KT, Jarnagin WR et al.. Combined portal vein embolization and neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a treatment strategy for resectable hepatic colorectal metastases. Ann Surg 2008;247:451–455.
Adam R, Miller R, Pitombo M et al.. Two-stage hepatectomy approach for initially unresectable colorectal hepatic metastases. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2007;16:525–536.
Abdalla EK. Commentary: radiofrequency ablation for colorectal liver metastases: do not blame the biology when it is the technology. Am J Surg 2009;197:737–739.
Abdalla EK, Vauthey JN, Ellis LM et al.. Recurrence and outcomes following hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation, and combined resection/ablation for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 2004;239:818–825.
Hur H, Ko YT, Min BS et al.. Comparative study of resection and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of solitary colorectal liver metastases. Am J Surg 2009;197:728–736.
Gleisner AL, Choti MA, Assumpcao L et al.. Colorectal liver metastases: recurrence and survival following hepatic resectin, radiofrequency ablation, and combined resection-radiofrequency ablation. Arch Surg 2008;143:1204–1212.
Reuter NP, Woodall CE, Scoggins CR et al.. Radiofrequency ablation vs. resection for hepatic colorectal metastasis: therapeutically equivalent? J Gastrointest Surg 2009;13:486–491.
Bilchik AJ, Poston G, Adam R, Choti MA. Prognostic variables for resection of colorectal cancer hepatic metastases: an evolving paradigm. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5320–5321.
Leonard GD, Brenner B, Kemeny NE. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before liver resection for patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:2038–2048.
Benoist S, Brouquet A, Penna C et al.. Complete response of colorectal liver metastases after chemotherapy: does it mean cure? J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3939–3945.
Bilchik AJ, Poston G, Curley SA et al.. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer: a cautionary note. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:9073–9078.
Adam R, Avisar E, Ariche A et al.. Five-year survival following hepatic resecton after neoadjuvant therapy for nonresectable colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2001;8:347–353.
Rivoire M, De Cian F, Meeus P et al.. Combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cryotherapy and surgical resection for the treatment of unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 2002;95:2283–2292.
Vauthey JN, Pawlik TM, Ribero D et al.. Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2065–2072.
Pawlik TM, Olino K, Gleisner AL et al.. Preoperative chemotheapy for colorectal liver metastases: impact on hepatic histology and postoperative outcome. J Gastrointest Surg 2007;11:860–888.
Pawlik TM, Poon RT, Abdalla EK et al.. Critical appraisal of the clinical and pathologic predictors of survival after resection of large hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Surg 2005;140:450–457; discussion 457–458.
Elias D, Liberale G, Vernerey D et al.. Hepatic and extrahepatic colorectal metastases: when resectable, their localization does not matter, but their total number has a prognostic effect. Ann Surg Oncol 2005;12:900–909.
Fong Y, Salo J. Surgical therapy of hepatic colorectal metastasis. Semin Oncol 1999;26:514–523.
Adam R, Delvart V, Pascal G et al.. Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to predict long-term survival. Ann Surg 2004;240:644–657.
Delaunoit T, Alberts SR, Sargent DJ et al.. Chemotherapy permits resection of metastatic colorectal cancer: experience from Intergroup N9741. Ann Oncol 2005;16:425–429.
Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B et al.. Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2008;37:1007–1016.
Tan BR, Zubal B, Hawkins w et al.. Preoperative FOLFOX plus cetuximab or panitumumab therapy for patients with potentially resectable hepatic colorectal metastases. Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium 2009; Abstract 497.
Folprecht G, Gruenberger T, Hartmann JT et al.. Cetuximab plus FOLFOX6 or cetuximab plus FOLFIRI as neoadjuvant treatment of nonresectable colorectal liver metastases: a randomized multicenter study (CELIM-study) [abstract]. Presented at the 2009 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium; January 15–17, 2009; San Francisco, California. Abstract 296.
Souglakos J, Androulakis N, Syrigos K et al.. FOLFOXIRI vs FOLFIRI as first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised phase III trial from the Hellenic Oncology Research Group. Br J Cancer 2006;94:798–805.
Falcone A, Ricci S, Brunetti I et al.. Phase III trial of infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) compared with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1670–1676.
Scappaticci FA, Fehrenbacher L, Cartwright T et al.. Surgical wound healing complications in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab. J Surg Oncol 2005;91:173–180.
Package Insert. Bevacizumab (Avastin®). South San Francisco, CA, Genentech, Inc. October 2006.
Gruenberger B, Tamandl D, Schueller J et al.. Bevacizumab, capecitabine, and oxaliplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with potentially curable metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1830–1835.
Reddy SK, Morse MA, Hurwitz HI et al.. Addition of bevacizumab to irinotecan- and oxaliplatin-based preoperative chemotherapy regimens does not increase morbidity after resection of colorectal liver metastases. J Am Coll Surg 2008;206:96–106.
Rubbia-Brandt L, Audard V, Sartoretti P et al.. Severe hepatic sinusoidal obstructjion associated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2004;15:460–466.
Zorzi D, Kishi Y, Maru DM et al.. Effect of extended preoperative chemotherapy on pathologic response and postoperative liver insufficiency after hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases [abstract]. Presented at the 2009 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium; January 15–17, 2009; San Francisco, California. Abstract 295.
Lee WS, Yun SH, Chun HK et al.. Pulmonary resection for metastases from colorectal cancer: prognostic factors and survival. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007;22:699–704.
Headrick JR, Miller DL, Nagorney DM et al.. Surgical treatment of hepatic and pulmonary metastases from colon cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2001;71:975–979; discussion 979–980.
Mitry E, Fields ALA, Bleiberg H et al.. Adjuvant chemotherapy after potentially curative resection of metastases from colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:4906–4911.
Kemeny N, Huang Y, Cohen AM et al.. Hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1999;341:2039–2048.
Kemeny NE, Gonen M. Hepatic arterial infusion after liver resection. N Engl J Med 2005;352:734–735.
Mulcahy MF, Lewandowski RJ, Ibrahim SM et al.. Radioembolization of colorectal hepatic metastases using yttrium-90 microspheres. Cancer 2009;115:1849–1858.
Hong K, McBride JD, Georgiades CS et al.. Salvage therapy for liver-dominant colorectal metastatic adenocarcinoma: comparison between transcatheter arterial chemoembolization versus yttrium-90 radioembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2009;20:360–367.
Katz AW, Carey-Sampson M, Muhs AG et al.. Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for patients with limited hepatic metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67:793–798.
Delbeke D, Martin WH. PET and PET-CT for evaluation of colorectal carcinoma. Semin Nucl Med 2004;34:209–223.
Bartlett DL, Berlin J, Lauwers GY et al.. Chemotherapy and regional therapy of hepatic colorectal metastases: expert consensus statement. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:1284–1292.
Yan TD, Black D, Savady R, Sugarbaker PH. Systemic review on the efficacy of cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4011–4019.
Esquivel J, Sticca R, Sugarbaker P et al.. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the management of peritoneal surface malignancies of colonic origin: a consensus statement. Society of Surgical Oncology. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:128–133.
Pelosi E, Deandreis D. The role of 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the management of patients with colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007;33:1–6.
Kelly H, Goldberg RM. Systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: current options, current evidence. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4553–4560.
Goldberg RM. Therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncologist 2006;11:981–987.
Goldberg RM, Rothenberg ML, Van Cutsem E et al.. The continuum of care: a paradigm for the management of metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncologist 2007;12:38–50.
Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Morton RF et al.. Randomized controlled trial of reduced-dose bolus fluorouracil plus leucovorin and irinotecan or infused fluorouracil plus leucovorin and oxaliplatin in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: a North American Intergroup Trial. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3347–3353.
Douillard JY, Cunningham D, Roth AD et al.. Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet 2000;355:1041–1047.
Fuchs CS, Moore MR, Harker G et al.. Phase III comparison of two irinotecan dosing regimens in second-line therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:807–814.
Petrelli N, Herrera L, Rustum Y et al.. A prospective randomized trial of 5-fluorouracil versus 5-fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin versus 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate in previously untreated patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 1987;5:1559–1565.
Van Cutsem E, Twelves C, Cassidy J et al.. Oral capecitabine compared with intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a large phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:4097–4106.
Van Cutsem E, Hoff PM, Harper P et al.. Oral capecitabine vs intravenous 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin: integrated efficacy data and novel analyses from two large, randomised, phase III trials. Br J Cancer 2004;90:1190–1197.
Buroker TR, O’Connell MJ, Wieand HS et al.. Randomized comparison of two schedules of fluorouracil and leucovorin in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:14–20.
de Gramont A, Bosset JF, Milan C et al.. Randomized trial comparing monthly low-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus with bimonthly high-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus plus continuous infusion for advanced colorectal cancer: a French intergroup study. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:808–815.
Maindrault-Goebel F, Louvet C, Andre T et al.. Oxaliplatin added to the simplified bimonthly leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil regimen as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (FOLFOX6). GERCOR. Eur J Cancer 1999;35:1338–1342.
Van Cutsem E, Peeters M, Siena S et al.. Open-label phase III trial of panitumumab plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1658–1664.
Cunningham D, Humblet Y, Siena S et al.. Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:337–345.
van Cutsem E. Challenges in the use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in colorectal cancer. Oncologist 2006;11:1010–1017.
Raymond E, Faivre S, Woynarowski JM, Chaney SG. Oxaliplatin: mechanism of action and antineoplastic activity. Semin Oncol 1998;25(Suppl 5):4–12.
O’Dwyer PJ. The present and future of angiogenesis-directed treatments of colorectal cancer. Oncologist 2006;11:992–998.
Lentz F, Tran A, Rey E et al.. Pharmacogenomics of fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer: clinical implications. Am J Pharmacogenomics 2005;5:21–33.
Rothenberg ML, Blanke CD. Topoisomerase I inhibitors in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Semin Oncol 1999;26:632–639.
Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Morton RF et al.. A randomized controlled trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:23–30.
Tournigand C, Andre T, Achille E et al.. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:229–237.
Delaunoit T, Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ et al.. Mortality associated with daily bolus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin administered in combination with either irinotecan or oxaliplatin: results from Intergroup Trial N9741. Cancer 2004;101:2170–2176.
Cheeseman SL, Joel SP, Chester JD et al.. A ‘modified de Gramont’ regimen of fluorouracil, alone and with oxaliplatin, for advanced colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2002;87:393–399.
de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M et al.. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:2938–2947.
Colucci G, Gebbia V, Paoletti G et al.. Phase III randomized trial of FOLFIRI versus FOLFOX4 in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: a multicenter study of the Gruppo Oncologico Dell’Italia Meridionale. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4866–4875.
Cassidy J, Clarke S, Diaz-Rubio D et al.. XELOX vs. FOLFOX4: efficacy results from XELOX-1/NO16966, a randomized phase III trial in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer [abstract]. Presented at the 2007 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium; January 19–21, 2007; Orlando Florida. Abstract 270.
Cassidy J, Tabernero J, Twelves C et al.. XELOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin): active first-line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2084–2091.
Porschen R, Arkenau HT, Kubicka S et al.. Phase III study of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin compared with fluororuracil and leucovorin plus oxaliplatin in metastatic colorectal cancer: a final report of the AIO Colorectal Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4217–4223.
Andre T, Louvet C, Maindrault-Goebel F et al.. CPT-11 (irinotecan) addition to bimonthly, high-dose leucovorin and bolus and continuous-infusion 5-fluorouracil (FOLFIRI) for pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer. GERCOR. Eur J Cancer 1999;35:1343–1347.
Jager E, Heike M, Bernhard H et al.. Weekly high-dose leucovorin versus low-dose leucovorin combined with fluorouracil in advanced colorectal cancer: results of a randomized multicenter trial. Study Group for Palliative Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Study Protocol 1. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:2274–2279.
Wolmark N, Rockette H, Fisher B et al.. The benefit of leucovorin-modulated fluorouracil as postoperative adjuvant therapy for primary colon cancer: results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocol C-03. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:1879–1887.
Saltz LB, Clarke S, Díaz-Rubio E et al.. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2013–2039.
Saltz LB, Clarke S, Diaz-Rubio E et al.. Bevacizumab in combination with XELOX or FOLFOX4: efficacy results from XELOX-1/NO16966, a randomized phase III trial in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer [abstract]. Presented at the 2007 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium; January 19–21, 2007; Orlando Florida. Abstract 238.
Kabbinavar FF, Schulz J, McCleod M et al.. Addition of bevacizumab to bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:3697–3705.
Hurwitz HI, Fehrenbacher L, Hainsworth JD et al.. Bevacizumab in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin: an active regimen for first-line metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:3502–3508.
Hochster HS, Hart LL, Ramanathan RK et al.. Safety and efficacy of oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine regimens with or without bevacizumab as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results of the TREE Study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:3523–3529. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol 2008;26:4697.
Kabbinavar FF, Hambleton J, Mass RD et al.. Combined analysis of efficacy: the addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil/leucovorin improves survival for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:3706–3712.
Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W et al.. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2335–2342.
Fuchs CS, Marshall J, Mitchell EP et al.. Updated results of BICC-C study comparing first-line irinotecan /fluoropyrimidine combinations +/- celecoxib in mCRC: clinical data cut-off September 1, 2006 [abstract]. Presented at the 2007 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium; January 19–21, 2007; Orlando Florida. Abstract 276.
Fuchs CJ, Marshall J, Barrueco J. Randomized, controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluoropyrimidines in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the BICC-C study. J Clin Oncol 2007;24:4779–4786.
Sobero A, Ackland S, Carrion R et al.. Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in combination with irinotecan and infusional 5-FU as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(Suppl 1):Abstract 3544.
Giantonio B, Catalano P, Meropol N et al.. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study E3200. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1539–1544.
Cannistra SA, Matulonis UA, Penson RT et al.. Phase II study of bevacizumab in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer or peritoneal serous cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5150–5152.
Package insert. Capecitabine (Xeloda®), Nutley, NJ, Roche Laboratories Inc., June 2005.
Haller DG, Cassidy J, Clarke SJ. Potential regional differences for the tolerability profiles of fluoropyrimidines. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2118–2123.
Schmoll HJ, Arnold D. Update on capecitabine in colorectal cancer. Oncologist 2006;11:1003–1009.
Package Insert. Irinotecan hydrochloride injection (Camptosar®), New York, NY, Pfizer, June 2006.
Innocenti F, Undevia SD, Iyer L et al.. Genetic variants in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene predict the risk of severe neutropenia of irinotecan. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1382–1388.
LabCorp Capsule. UGT1A1 irinotecan toxicity. Managing medication dosing and predicting response to treatment of cancer with irinotecan (Camptosar, CPT-11). 2006. Available at www.lapcorp.com.
O’Dwyer PJ, Catalano RB. Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 and irinotecan: practical pharmacogenomics arrives in cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4534–4538.
Package insert. Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin®), Bedford, OH. Ben Venue Laboratories, November 2004.
Tournigand C, Cervantes A, Figer A et al.. OPTIMOX1: a randomized study of FOLFOX4 or FOLFOX7 with oxaliplatin in a stop-and-Go fashion in advanced colorectal cancer—a GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:394–400.
Maindrault-Goebel F, Lledo G, Ghibaudel B et al.. Final results for OPTIMOX-2, a large randomized phase II study of maintenance therapy or chemotherapy-free intervals after FOLFOX in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a GERCOR study [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(Suppl 1):Abstract 4013.
Grothey A, Sargent D, Goldberg RM, Schmoll HJ. Survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer improves with the availability of fluorouracil-leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in the course of treatment. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1209–1214.
Cunningham D, Pyrhonen S, James RD et al.. Randomised trial of irinotecan plus supportive care versus supportive care alone after fluorouracil failure for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet 1998;352:1413–1418.
Rougier P, Van Cutsem E, Bajetta E et al.. Randomised trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet 1998;352:1407–1412.
Pitot H, Rowland K, Sargent DJ et al.. N9841: a randomized phase III equivalence trial of irinotecan (CPT-11) versus oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil (5FU)/leucovorin (FOLFOX4) in patients (pts) with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) previously treated with 5FU [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(Suppl 1):Abstract 3506.
Saltz LB, Meropol NJ, Loehrer PJ Sr et al.. Phase II trial of cetuximab in patients with refractory colorectal cancer that expresses the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1201–1208.
Saltz L, Rubin M, Hochster H et al.. Cetuximab (IMC-C225) plus irinotecan (CPT-11) is active in CPT-11-refractory colorectal cancer (CRC) that expresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2001;20:Abstract 7.
Jonker DJ, O’Callaghan CJ, Karapetis CS et al.. Cetuximab for the treatment of colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;357:2040–2047.
Sobrero AF, Maurel J, Fehrenbacher L et al.. EPIC: phase III trial of cetuximab plus irinotecan after fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2311–2319.
Hecht JR, Mitchell E, Chidiac T et al.. A randomized phase IIIB trial of chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and panitumumab compared with chemotherapy and bevacizumab alone for metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:672–680.
Package Insert. Cetuximab (Erbitux®), Branchburg, NJ, Imclone Systems, Inc. 2004.
Package Insert. Panitumumab (Vectibix™), Thousand Oaks, CA, Amgen, September 2006.
Helbling D, Borner M. Successful challenge with the fully human EGFR antibody panitumumab following an infusion reaction with the chimeric EGFR antibody cetuximab. Ann Oncol 2007;18:963–964.
Heun J, Holen K. Treatment with panitumumab after a severe infusion reaction to cetuximab in a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer: a case report. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2007;6:529–531.
Berlin J, van Cutsem E, Peeters M et al.. Predictive value of skin toxicity severity for response to panitumumab in pateints with metastatic colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of five clinical trials [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(Suppl 1):Abstract 4134.
Hecht JR, Mitchell E, Chidiac T et al.. A randomized phase IIIB trial of chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and panitumumab compared with chemotherapy and bevacizumab alone for metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:672–680.
Tol J, Koopman M, Cats A et al.. Chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;360:563–572.
Hecht J, Mitchell E, Baranda J et al.. Panitumumab antitumor activity in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) expressing low (1-9%) or negative (<1%) levels of epidermal growth receptor (EGFr) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(Suppl 1):Abstract 3506.
Goldberg RM, Kohne GH, Seymour MT et al.. A pooled safety and efficacy analysis examining the effect of performance status on outcomes in nine first-line treatment trials of 6,286 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(Suppl 1):Abstract 4011.
Hoff PM, Pazdur R, Lassere Y et al.. Phase II study of capecitabine in patients with fluorouracil-resistant metastatic colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2078–2083.
Pietra N, Sarli L, Costi R et al.. Role of follow-up in management of local recurrences of colorectal cancer: a prospective, randomized study. Dis Colon Rectum 1998;41:1127–1133.
Secco GB, Fardelli R, Gianquinto D et al.. Efficacy and cost of risk-adapted follow-up in patients after colorectal cancer surgery: a prospective, randomized and controlled trial. Eur J Surg Oncol 2002;28:418–423.
Rodriguez-Moranta F, Salo J, Arcusa A et al.. Postoperative surveillance in patients with colorectal cancer who have undergone curative resection: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:386–393.
Figueredo A, Charette ML, Maroun J et al.. Adjuvant therapy for stage II colon cancer: a systematic review from the Cancer Care Ontario Program in evidence-based care’s gastrointestinal cancer disease site group. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:3395–3407.
Renehan AG, Egger M, Saunders MP, O’Dwyer ST. Impact on survival of intensive follow up after curative resection for colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2002;324:813.
Jeffery M, Hickey B, Hider P. Follow-up strategies for patients treated for non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007:CD002200.
Desch CE, Benson AB III, Somerfield MR et al.. Colorectal cancer surveillance: 2005 update of an American Society of Clinical Oncology practice guideline. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8512–8519.
Guyot F, Faivre J, Manfredi S et al.. Time trends in the treatment and survival of recurrences from colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2005;16:756–761.
Li Destri G, Di Cataldo A, Puleo S. Colorectal cancer follow-up: useful or useless? Surg Oncol 2006;15:1–12.
Pfister DG, Benson AB III, Somerfield MR. Clinical practice. Surveillance strategies after curative treatment of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2375–2382.
Locker GY, Hamilton S, Harris J et al.. ASCO 2006 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:5313–5327.
Rex DK, Kahi CJ, Levin B et al.. Guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance after cancer resection: a consensus update by the American Cancer Society and US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2006;56:160–167.
Green RJ, Metlay JP, Propert K et al.. Surveillance for second primary colorectal cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy: an analysis of Intergroup 0089. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:261–269.
Sprangers MAG, Taal BG, Aaronson NK et al.. Quality of life in colorectal cancer: stoma vs. nonstoma patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:361–369.