Role of Interventional Radiology in the Treatment of Patients with Neuroendocrine Metastases in the Liver

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Larry K. KvolsH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida

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Kiran K. TuragaH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida

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Jonathan StrosbergH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida

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Junsung ChoiH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida

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Management of liver metastasis from neuroendocrine tumors routinely includes an interventional radiologist. Hepatic artery embolization, either bland (transarterial embolization) or with chemotherapy (transarterial chemoembolization), has been shown to improve response rates in neuroendocrine metastases to the liver. Radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy, and percutaneous alcohol ablation are important adjuncts or alternative treatments to surgical debulking. In this article, the authors examine important techniques in the armamentarium of the interventional radiologist.

Correspondence: Larry K. Kvols, MD, Neuroendocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612. E-mail: larry.kvols@moffitt.org
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