Merkel Cell Carcinoma

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Stanley J. Miller
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Murad Alam
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James Andersen
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Daniel Berg
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Christopher K. Bichakjian
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Glen Bowen
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Richard T. Cheney
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L. Frank Glass
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Roy C. Grekin
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Dennis E. Hallahan
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Anne Kessinger
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Nancy Y. Lee
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Nanette Liegeois
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Daniel D. Lydiatt
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Jeff Michalski
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William H. Morrison
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Kishwer S. Nehal
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Kelly C. Nelson
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Paul Nghiem
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Thomas Olencki
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Allan R. Oseroff
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Clifford S. Perlis
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E. William Rosenberg
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Ashok R. Shaha
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Marshall M. Urist
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Linda C. Wang
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  • 1

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    Lawenda BD, Thiringer JK, Foss RD, Johnstone PA. Merkel cell carcinoma arising in the head and neck: optimizing therapy. Am J Clin Oncol 2001;24:3542.

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    Ott MJ, Tanabe KK, Gadd MA et al.. Multimodality management of Merkel cell carcinoma. Arch Surg 1999;134:388392; discussion 392–383.

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    Wong KC, Zuletta F, Clarke SJ, Kennedy PJ. Clinical management and treatment outcomes of Merkel cell carcinoma. Aust N Z J Surg 1998;68:354358.

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    Medina-Franco H, Urist MM, Fiveash J et al.. Multimodality treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma: case series and literature review of 1024 cases. Ann Surg Oncol 2001;8:204208.

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  • 17

    Gillenwater AM, Hessel AC, Morrison WH et al.. Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck: effect of surgical excision and radiation on recurrence and survival. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;127:149154.

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  • 18

    Nghiem P, McKee P, Haynes HA. Merkel cell (cutaneous neuroendocrine) carcinoma. In: Sober AJ, Haluska FG, eds. Skin Cancer. Hamilton (Ontario): BC Decker Inc.; 2001:127141.

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  • 19

    Allen PJ, Bowne WB, Jaques DP et al.. Merkel cell carcinoma: prognosis and treatment of patients from a single institution. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:23002309.

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  • 20

    Agelli M, Clegg LX. Epidemiology of primary Merkel cell carcinoma in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49:832841.

  • 21

    Miller SJ, Alam M, Andersen J et al.. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Merkel Cell Carcinoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2006;4:704712.

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  • 22

    Cheuk W, Kwan MY, Suster S, Chan JK. Immunostaining for thyroid transcription factor 1 and cytokeratin 20 aids the distinction of small cell carcinoma from Merkel cell carcinoma, but not pulmonary from extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001;125:228231.

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  • 23

    Hanly AJ, Elgart GW, Jorda M et al.. Analysis of thyroid transcription factor-1 and cytokeratin 20 separates merkel cell carcinoma from small cell carcinoma of lung. J Cutan Pathol 2000;27:118120.

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  • 24

    Scott MP, Helm KF. Cytokeratin 20: a marker for diagnosing Merkel cell carcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol 1999;21:1620.

  • 25

    Feinmesser M, Halpern M, Kaganovsky E et al.. C-KIT Expression in primary and metastatic merkel cell carcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2004;26:458462.

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  • 26

    Allen P, Busam K, Hill AD et al.. Immunohistochemical analysis of sentinel lymph nodes from patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. Cancer 2001;92:16501655.

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  • 27

    Schmalbach CE, Lowe L, Teknos TN et al.. Reliability of sentinel lymph node biopsy for regional staging of head and neck Merkel cell carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;131:610614.

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  • 28

    Su LD, Lowe L, Bradford CR et al.. Immunostaining for cytokeratin 20 improves detection of micrometastatic Merkel cell carcinoma in sentinel lymph nodes. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:661666.

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  • 29

    Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 6th ed. AJCC Springer-Verlag: New York; 2002.

  • 30

    O’Connor WJ, Roenigk RK, Brodland DG. Merkel cell carcinoma. Comparison of Mohs micrographic surgery and wide excision in eighty-six patients. Dermatol Surg 1997;23:929933.

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  • 31

    Pennington BE, Leffell DJ. Mohs micrographic surgery: established uses and emerging trends. Oncology (Williston Park) 2005;19:11651171.

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  • 32

    Gupta SG, Wang LC, Penas PF et al.. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for evaluation and treatment of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma: the Dana-Farber experience and meta-analysis of the literature. Arch Dermatol 2006;142:685690.

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  • 33

    Ames SE, Krag DN, Brady MS. Radiolocalization of the sentinel lymph node in Merkel cell carcinoma: a clinical analysis of seven cases. J Surg Oncol 1998;67:251254.

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  • 34

    Hill AD, Brady MS, Coit DG. Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy for Merkel cell carcinoma. Br J Surg 1999;86:518521.

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  • 35

    Mehrany K, Otley CC, Weenig RH et al.. A meta-analysis of the prognostic significance of sentinel lymph node status in Merkel cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg 2002;28:113117; discussion 117.

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  • 36

    Messina JL, Reintgen DS, Cruse CW et al.. Selective lymphadenectomy in patients with Merkel cell (cutaneous neuroendocrine) carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 1997;4:389395.

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  • 37

    Lewis KG, Weinstock MA, Weaver AL, Otley CC. Adjuvant local irradiation for Merkel cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol 2006;142:693700.

  • 38

    Jabbour J, Cumming R, Scolyer RA et al.. Merkel cell carcinoma: assessing the effect of wide local excision, lymph node dissection, and radiotherapy on recurrence and survival in early-stage disease—results from a review of 82 consecutive cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2004. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:19431952.

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  • 39

    Garneski KM, Nghiem P. Merkel cell carcinoma adjuvant therapy: current data support radiation but not chemotherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:166169.

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  • 40

    Tai P. Merkel cell cancer: update on biology and treatment. Curr Opin Oncol 2008;20:196200.

  • 41

    Poulsen M, Rischin D, Walpole E et al.. High-risk Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin treated with synchronous carboplatin/etoposide and radiation: a Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group Study—TROG 96:07. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:43714376.

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  • 42

    Poulsen MG, Rischin D, Porter I et al.. Does chemotherapy improve survival in high-risk stage I and II Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;64:114119.

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  • 43

    Tai PT, Yu E, Winquist E et al.. Chemotherapy in neuroendocrine/Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin: case series and review of 204 cases. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:24932499.

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  • 44

    Voog E, Biron P, Martin JP, Blay JY. Chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. Cancer 1999;85:25892595.

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