Melanoma

Authors:
Daniel G. Coit
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 MD
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Robert Andtbacka
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 MD
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Christopher K. Bichakjian
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 MD
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Raza A. Dilawari
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Dominick DiMaio
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 MD
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Valerie Guild
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Allan C. Halpern
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F. Stephen Hodi
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Mohammed Kashani-Sabet
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Julie R. Lange
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 MD, ScM
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Anne Lind
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Lainie Martin
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Mary C. Martini
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Scott K. Pruitt
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 MD, PhD
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Merrick I. Ross
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Stephen F. Sener
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Susan M. Swetter
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Kenneth K. Tanabe
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John A. Thompson
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Vijay Trisal
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Marshall M. Urist
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Jeffrey Weber
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Michael K. Wong
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Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 3
Online Publication Date:
Mar 2009
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2009.0020
Full access
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  • 1

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  • 2

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  • 3

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  • 7

    Tsao H, Atkins MB, Sober AJ. Management of cutaneous melanoma. N Engl J Med 2004;351:998–1012.

  • 8

    Balch CM, Buzaid AC, Soong SJ et al.. Final version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3635–3648.

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  • 11

    Barnhill RL, Katzen J, Spatz A et al.. The importance of mitotic rate as a prognostic factor for localized cutaneous melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 2005;32:268–273.

  • 12

    Azzola MF, Shaw HM, Thompson JF et al.. Tumor mitotic rate is a more powerful prognostic indicator than ulceration in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma: an analysis of 3661 patients from a single center. Cancer 2003;97:1488–1498.

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  • 13

    Francken AB, Shaw HM, Thompson JF et al.. The prognostic importance of tumor mitotic rate confirmed in 1317 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma and long follow-up. Ann Surg Oncol 2004;11:426–433.

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  • 14

    Gimotty PA, Elder DE, Fraker DL et al.. Identification of high-risk patients among those diagnosed with thin cutaneous melanomas. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1129–1134.

  • 15

    Paek SC, Griffith KA, Johnson TM et al.. The impact of factors beyond Breslow depth on predicting sentinel lymph node positivity in melanoma. Cancer 2007;109:100–108.

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    Sondak VK, Taylor JM, Sabel MS et al.. Mitotic rate and younger age are predictors of sentinel lymph node positivity: lessons learned from the generation of a probabilistic model. Ann Surg Oncol 2004;11:247–258.

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  • 17

    Sober AJ, Chuang TY, Duvic M et al.. Guidelines of care for primary cutaneous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:579–586.

  • 18

    Neuman HB, Patel A, Ishill N et al.. A single-institution validation of the AJCC staging system for stage IV melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2008;15:2034–2041.

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    Cascinelli N, Belli F, Santinami M et al.. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma: the WHO Melanoma Program experience. Ann Surg Oncol 2000;7:469–474.

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    Wang TS, Johnson TM, Cascade PN et al.. Evaluation of staging chest radiographs and serum lactate dehydrogenase for localized melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:399–405.

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  • 22

    Yancovitz M, Finelt N, Warycha MA et al.. Role of radiologic imaging at the time of initial diagnosis of stage T1b-T3b melanoma. Cancer 2007;110:1107–1114.

  • 23

    Aloia TA, Gershenwald JE, Andtbacka RH et al.. Utility of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging staging before completion lymphadenectomy in patients with sentinel lymph node-positive melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2858–2865.

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  • 24

    Gold JS, Jaques DP, Busam KJ et al.. Yield and predictors of radiologic studies for identifying distant metastases in melanoma patients with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:2133–2140.

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  • 25

    Miranda EP, Gertner M, Wall J et al.. Routine imaging of asymptomatic melanoma patients with metastasis to sentinel lymph nodes rarely identifies systemic disease. Arch Surg 2004;139:831–836; discussion 836–837.

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  • 26

    Buzaid AC, Tinoco L, Ross MI et al.. Role of computed tomography in the staging of patients with local-regional metastases of melanoma. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:2104–2108.

  • 27

    Johnson TM, Fader DJ, Chang AE et al.. Computed tomography in staging of patients with melanoma metastatic to the regional nodes. Ann Surg Oncol 1997;4:396–402.

  • 28

    Kuvshinoff BW, Kurtz C, Coit DG. Computed tomography in evaluation of patients with stage III melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 1997;4:252–258.

  • 29

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  • 30

    Maubec E, Lumbroso J, Masson F et al.. F-18 fluorodeoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography scan in the initial evaluation of patients with a primary melanoma thicker than 4 mm. Melanoma Res 2007;17:147–154.

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  • 31

    Wagner JD, Schauwecker D, Davidson D et al.. Inefficacy of F-18 fluorodeoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography scans for initial evaluation in early-stage cutaneous melanoma. Cancer 2005;104:570–579.

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  • 32

    Brady MS, Akhurst T, Spanknebel K et al.. Utility of preoperative [(18)]f fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scanning in high-risk melanoma patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:525–532.

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  • 33

    National Institutes of Health. After treatment of early melanoma, should patients and family members be followed? Why and How? NIH Consensus Statement 1992;10:1–26.

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  • 34

    Veronesi U, Cascinelli N. Narrow excision (1-cm margin). A safe procedure for thin cutaneous melanoma. Arch Surg 1991;126:438–441.

  • 35

    Veronesi U, Cascinelli N, Adamus J et al.. Thin stage I primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. Comparison of excision with margins of 1 or 3 cm. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1159–1162.

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  • 36

    Balch CM, Soong SJ, Smith T et al.. Long-term results of a prospective surgical trial comparing 2 cm vs. 4 cm excision margins for 740 patients with 1-4 mm melanomas. Ann Surg Oncol 2001;8:101–108.

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  • 37

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  • 38

    Cohn-Cedermark G, Rutqvist LE, Andersson R et al.. Long term results of a randomized study by the Swedish Melanoma Study Group on 2-cm versus 5-cm resection margins for patients with cutaneous melanoma with a tumor thickness of 0.8-2.0 mm. Cancer 2000;89:1495–1501.

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  • 39

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  • 40

    Thomas JM, Newton-Bishop J, A’Hern R et al.. Excision margins in high-risk malignant melanoma. N Engl J Med 2004;350:757–766.

  • 41

    Haigh PI, DiFronzo LA, McCready DR. Optimal excision margins for primary cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Surg 2003;46:419–426.

  • 42

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  • 43

    Zitelli JA, Brown C, Hanusa BH. Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of primary cutaneous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:236–245.

  • 44

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  • 45

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  • 46

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  • 47

    Spenny ML, Walford J, Werchniak AE et al.. Lentigo maligna (melanoma in situ) treated with imiquimod cream 5%: 12 case reports. Cutis 2007;79:149–152.

  • 48

    Johnson TM, Sondak VK, Bichakjian CK, Sabel MS. The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: evidence assessment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54:19–27.

  • 49

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  • 50

    Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ et al.. Sentinel-node biopsy or nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med 2006;355:1307–1317.

  • 51

    Thompson JF, Shaw HM. Sentinel node mapping for melanoma: results of trials and current applications. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2007;16:35–54.

  • 52

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  • 53

    Bleicher RJ, Essner R, Foshag LJ et al.. Role of sentinel lymphadenectomy in thin invasive cutaneous melanomas. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1326–1331.

  • 54

    Ranieri JM, Wagner JD, Wenck S et al.. The prognostic importance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in thin melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:927–932.

  • 55

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  • 56

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  • 57

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  • 59

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  • 62

    Morton DL, Thompson JF, Essner R et al.. Validation of the accuracy of intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for early-stage melanoma: a multicenter trial. Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial Group. Ann Surg 1999;230:453–463; discussion 463–465.

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  • 63

    Fontaine D, Parkhill W, Greer W, Walsh N. Partial regression of primary cutaneous melanoma: is there an association with subclinical sentinel lymph node metastasis? Am J Dermatopathol 2003;25:371–376.

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  • 64

    Morris KT, Busam KJ, Bero S et al.. Primary cutaneous melanoma with regression does not require a lower threshold for sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol 2008;15:316–322.

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  • 65

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  • 69

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  • 70

    Cascinelli N, Belli F, MacKie RM et al.. Effect of long-term adjuvant therapy with interferon alpha-2a in patients with regional node metastases from cutaneous melanoma: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001;358:866–869.

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  • 71

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  • 72

    Pehamberger H, Soyer HP, Steiner A et al.. Adjuvant interferon alfa-2a treatment in resected primary stage II cutaneous melanoma. Austrian Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:1425–1429.

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  • 73

    Hancock BW, Wheatley K, Harris S et al.. Adjuvant interferon in high-risk melanoma: the AIM HIGH Study--United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research randomized study of adjuvant low-dose extended-duration interferon alfa-2a in high-risk resected malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:53–61.

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  • 74

    Eggermont AM, Suciu S, MacKie R et al.. Post-surgery adjuvant therapy with intermediate doses of interferon alfa 2b versus observation in patients with stage IIb/III melanoma (EORTC 18952): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366:1189–1196.

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  • 75

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  • 76

    Kirkwood JM, Ibrahim JG, Sondak VK et al.. High- and low-dose interferon alfa-2b in high-risk melanoma: first analysis of intergroup trial E1690/S9111/C9190. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:2444–2458.

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  • 77

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Copyright:
Copyright © 2009 by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2009
Page Numbers:
26
Article Category:
Research Article
Print Publication Date:
01 Mar 2009
Online Publication Date:
Mar 2009
Keywords:
NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines; melanoma; skin cancer; biopsy; surgical excision; adjuvant therapy; metastases; radiation therapy; chemotherapy; interferon; sentinel lymph node; margin; lymph node dissection; pathology
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