Bladder Cancer

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Wasco MJ, Daignault S, Zhang Y et al.. Urothelial carcinoma with divergent histologic differentiation (mixed histologic features) predicts the presence of locally advanced bladder cancer when detected at transurethral resection. Urology 2007;70:69–74.

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Herr HW, Shipley WU, Bajorin DF. Cancer of the bladder. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.

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Hall RR, Parmar MK, Richards AB, Smith PH. Changes in cystoscopic follow up in patients with bladder cancer and adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy. BMJ 1994;308:257–260.

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Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID et al.., eds. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 6th ed. New York: AJCC Springer-Verlag; 2002.

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Montironi R, Lopez-Beltran A. The 2004 WHO classification of bladder tumors: a summary and commentary. Int J Surg Pathol 2005;13:143–153.

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Smith JA Jr, Labasky RF, Cockett AT et al.. Bladder cancer clinical guidelines panel summary report on the management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (stages Ta, T1, and TIS). J Urol 1999;162:1697–1701.

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Dutta SC, Smith JA Jr, Shappell SB et al.. Clinical under staging of high risk nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma treated with radical cystectomy. J Urol 2001;166:490–493.

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Schwaibold HE, Sivalingam S, May F, Hartung R. The value of a second transurethral resection for T1 bladder cancer. BJU Int 2006;97:1199–1201.

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Shelley MD, Kynaston H, Court J et al.. A systematic review of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus transurethral resection versus transurethral resection alone in Ta and T1 bladder cancer. BJU Int 2001;88:209–216.

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Han RF, Pan JG. Can intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin reduce recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer? A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Urology 2006;67:1216–1223.

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HanRFPanJG. Can intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin reduce recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer? A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Urology 2006;67:1216–1223. )| false
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Shelley MD, Wilt TJ, Court J et al.. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin is superior to mitomycin C in reducing tumour recurrence in high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. BJU Int 2004;93:485–490.

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ShelleyMDWiltTJCourtJ. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin is superior to mitomycin C in reducing tumour recurrence in high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. BJU Int 2004;93:485–490. )| false
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Bohle A, Jocham D, Bock PR. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus mitomycin C for superficial bladder cancer: a formal meta-analysis of comparative studies on recurrence and toxicity. J Urol 2003;169:90–95.

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Lokeshwar VB, Habuchi T, Grossman HB et al.. Bladder tumor markers beyond cytology: international consensus panel on bladder tumor markers. Urology 2005;66(Suppl 6A):35–63.

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Herr H, Sogni PC. Does early cystectomy improve survival of patients with high-risk superficial bladder tumors? J Urol 2001;166:1296–1299.

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Joudi FN, Smith BJ, O’Donnell MA. Final results from a national multicenter phase II trial of combination bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus interferon alpha-2B for reducing recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2006;24:344–348.

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JoudiFNSmithBJO’DonnellMA. Final results from a national multicenter phase II trial of combination bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus interferon alpha-2B for reducing recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2006;24:344–348. )| false
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Bohle A, Bock PR. Intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin versus mitomycin C in superficial bladder cancer: formal meta-analysis of comparative studies on tumor progression. Urology 2004;63:682–686; discussion 686–687.

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Shelley MD, Wilt TJ, Court J et al.. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin is superior to mitomycin C in reducing tumour recurrence in high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. BJU Int 2004;93:485–490.

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ShelleyMDWiltTJCourtJ. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin is superior to mitomycin C in reducing tumour recurrence in high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. BJU Int 2004;93:485–490. )| false
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Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Lamm DL. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin reduces the risk of progression in patients with superficial bladder cancer: a meta analysis of the published results of randomized clinical trials. J Urol 2002;168:1964–1970.

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SylvesterRJvan der MeijdenAPLammDL. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin reduces the risk of progression in patients with superficial bladder cancer: a meta analysis of the published results of randomized clinical trials. J Urol 2002;168:1964–1970. )| false
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Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Witjes JA, Kurth K. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus chemotherapy for the intravesical treatment of patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a meta-analysis of the published results of randomized clinical trials. J Urol 2005;174:86–91; discussion 91–82.

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SylvesterRJvan der MeijdenAPWitjesJAKurthK. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus chemotherapy for the intravesical treatment of patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a meta-analysis of the published results of randomized clinical trials. J Urol 2005;174:86–91; discussion 91–82. )| false
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Han RF, Pan JG. Can intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin reduce recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer? A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Urology 2006;67:1216–1223.

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HanRFPanJG. Can intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin reduce recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer? A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Urology 2006;67:1216–1223. )| false
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Nieder AM, Brausi M, Lamm D et al.. Management of stage T1 tumors of the bladder: International Consensus Panel. Urology 2006;66:108–125.

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Witjee JA. Management of BCG failures in superficial bladder cancer: a review. Eur Urol 2006;49:790–797.

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Kim B, Semelka RC, Ascher SM et al.. Bladder tumor staging: comparison of contrast-enhanced CT, T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging, dynamic gadolinium-enchanced imaging, and late gadolinium-enhancing imaging. Radiology 1994;193:239–245.

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Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM et al.. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N Engl J Med 2003;349:859–866.

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GrossmanHBNataleRBTangenCM. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N Engl J Med 2003;349:859–866. )| false
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Sherif A, Holmberg L, Rintala E et al.. Neoadjuvant cisplatinum based combination chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer: a combined analysis of two Nordic studies. Eur Urol 2004;45:297–303.

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Winquist E, Kirchner TS, Segal R et al.. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Urol 2004;171:561–569.

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Juffs HG, Moore MJ, Tannock IF. The role of systemic chemotherapy in the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Lancet Oncol 2002;3:738–747.

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Lehmann J, Retz M, Wiemers C et al.. Adjuvant cisplatin plus methotrexate versus methotrexate, vinblastine, epirubicin, and cisplatin in locally advanced bladder cancer: results of a randomized, multicenter, phase III trial (AUO-AB 05/95). J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4963–4974.

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Stöckle M, Meyenburg W, Wellek S et al.. Advanced bladder cancer (stages pT3b, pT4a, pN1 and pN2): improved survival after radical cystectomy and 3 adjuvant cycles of chemotherapy. Results of a controlled prospective study. J Urol 1992;148:302–307.

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Lehmann J, Franzaring L, Thüroff J et al.. Complete long-term survival data from a trial of adjuvant chemotherapy vs control after radical cystectomy for locally advanced bladder cancer. BJU Int 2006;97:42–47.

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LehmannJFranzaringLThüroffJ. Complete long-term survival data from a trial of adjuvant chemotherapy vs control after radical cystectomy for locally advanced bladder cancer. BJU Int 2006;97:42–47. )| false
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Loehrer PJ Sr, Einhorn LH, Elson PJ et al.. A randomized comparison of cisplatin alone or in combination with methotrexate, vinblastine, and doxorubicin in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a cooperative group study. J Clin Oncol 1992;10:1066–1073.

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Lorusso V, Manzione L, de Vita F et al.. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract: a phase II multicenter trial. J Urol 2000;164:53–56.

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Roberts JT, von der Maase H, Sengeløv L et al.. Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine/cisplatin and methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin in patients with locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer. Ann Oncol 2006;17 (Suppl 5):v118–122.

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Scher HI. Chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer: neoadjuvant versus adjuvant. Semin Oncol 1990;17:555–565.

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Kata EJ, Herr H. The role of transurethral resection for muscle invasive bladder carcinoma [abstract]. J Urol 1993;149:Abstract 316A.

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Shipley WU, Winter KA, Kaufman DS et al.. Phase III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer treated with selective bladder preservation by combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy: initial results of RTOG 89-03. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:3576–3583.

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Shipley WU, Kaufman DS, Zehr E et al.. Selective bladder preservation by combined modality protocol treatment: long-term outcomes of 190 patients with invasive bladder cancer. Urology 2002;60:62–67.

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Russell KJ, Boileau MA, Higano C et al.. Combined 5-fluorouracil and irradiation for transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1990;19:693–699.

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Housset M, Maulard C, Chretien Y et al.. Combined radiation and chemotherapy for invasive transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 1993;11: 2150–2157.

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Orsatti M, Curotto A, Canobbio L et al.. Alternating chemo-radiotherapy in bladder cancer: a conservative approach. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;33:173–178.

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Zietman AL, Shipley WU, Kaufman DS et al.. A phase I/II trial of transurethral surgery combined with concurrent cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and twice daily radiation followed by selective bladder preservation in operable patients with muscle invading bladder cancer. J Urol 1998;160:1673–1677.

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Kauffman D, Raghavan D, Carducci M et al.. Phase II trial of gemcitabine plus cisplatin in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:1921–1927.

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Sternberg CN, de Mulder PH, Schornagel JH et al.. Randomized phase III trial of high-dose-intensity methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) chemotherapy and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus classic MVAC in advanced urothelial tract tumors: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer protocol No. 30924. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2638–2646.

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Von der Maase H, Hansen SW, Roberts JT et al.. Gemcitabine and cisplatin versus methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in advanced or metastatic bladder cancer: results of a large, randomized, multinational, multicenter, phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:3068–3077.

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Lorusso V, Manzione L, de Vita F et al.. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract: a phase II multicenter trial. J Urol 2000;164:53–56.

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Meluch AA, Greco FA, Burris HA III et al.. Paclitaxel and gemcitabine chemotherapy for advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract: a phase II trial of the Minnie pearl cancer research network. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3018–3024.

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Dreicer R, Manola J, Schneider DJ et al.. Phase II trial of gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with advanced carcinoma of the urothelium: a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer 2003;97:2743–2747.

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Bellmunt J, Guillem V, Paz-Ares L et al.. Phase I-II study of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and gemcitabine in advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelium. Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:3247–3255.

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Hussain M, Vaishampayan U, Du W et al.. Combination paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine is an active treatment for advanced urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2527–2533.

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Sweeney CJ, Roth BJ, Kabbinavar FF et al.. Phase II study of pemetrexed for second-line treatment of transitional cell cancer of the urothelium. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3451–3457.

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