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Power MM, Di Sauro G, Brooks-Wilson A et al.. Allogeneic stem cell transplant in first complete remission overcomes the poor prognosis associated with the FLT-3 internal tandem duplication in acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. Blood 2007;110:Abstract 3491.

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Valcarcel D, Martino R, Caballero D et al.. Sustained remissions of high-risk acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome after reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation: chronic graft-versus-host disease is the strongest factor improving survival. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:577–584.

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Grimwade D, Walker H, Harrison G et al.. The predictive value of hierarchical cytogenetic classification in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML): analysis of 1065 patients entered into the United Kingdom Medical Research Council AML11 trial. Blood 2001;98:1312–1320.

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Estey EH, Thall PF, Giles FJ et al.. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin with or without interleukin 11 in patients 65 years of age or older with untreated acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: comparison with idarubicin plus continuous-infusion, high-dose cytosine arabinoside. Blood 2002;99:4343–4349.

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Buchner T, Hiddemann W, Berdel WE et al.. 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine, and daunorubicin (TAD) and high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone (HAM) for induction, TAD for consolidation, and either prolonged maintenance by reduced monthly TAD or TAD-HAM-TAD and one course of intensive consolidation by sequential HAM in adult patients at all ages with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a randomized trial of the German AML Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:4496–4504.

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Sievers EL, Larson RA, Stadtmauer EA et al.. Efficacy and safety of gemtuzumab ozogamicin in patients with CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3244–3254.

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Kujawski LA, Gartner EM, Ryan I et al.. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (MylotargR) as primary induction therapy for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a phase II trial [abstract]. Blood 2004;104:Abstract 4508.

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Pirrotta MT, Bocchia M, Bucalossi A et al.. Phase II pilot study of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), fludarabine, cytarabine and idarubicin combined regimen as induction therapy plus GO alone as consolidation therapy for elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients [abstract]. Blood 2005;106:Abstract 4613.

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Kujawski LA, Ryan I, Griffith K, Erba HP. Combination of daunorubicin and cytarabine chemotherapy with gemtuzumab ozogamicin as initial therapy for elderly patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. Blood 2005;106:Abstract 4636.

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Burnett AK, Kell WJ, Goldstone AH et al.. The addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin to induction chemotherapy for AML improves disease free survival without extra toxicity: preliminary analysis of 1115 patients in the MRC AML15 trial [abstract]. Blood 2006;108:Abstract 13.

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Faderl S, Verstovsek S, Cortes J et al.. Clofarabine and cytarabine combination as induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients 50 years of age or older. Blood 2006;108:45–51.

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Burnett AK, Baccarani M, Johnson P et al.. A phase II study (Biov-121) of clofarabine monotherapy first line in patients aged 65 years or older with acute myeloid leukemia for whom standard intensive chemotherapy is not considered suitable [abstract]. Blood 2006;108:Abstract 425.

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Giles FJ, Kantarjian HM, Cortes JE et al.. Adaptive randomized study of idarubicin and cytarabine versus troxacitabine and cytarabine versus troxacitabine and idarubicin in untreated patients 50 years or older with adverse karyotype acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1722–1727.

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Giles F, Verstovsek S, Faderl S et al.. A phase II study of cloretazine (VNP40101M), a novel sulfonylhydrazine alkylating agent, in patients with very high risk relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2006;30:1591–1595.

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Levis M, Smith BD, Beran M et al.. A randomized, open-label study of lestaurtinib (CEP-701), an oral FLT3 inhibitor, administered in sequence with chemotherapy in patients with relapsed AML harboring FLT3 activating mutations: clinical response correlates with successful FLT3 inhibition [abstract]. Blood 2005;106:Abstract 403.

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Knapper S, Burnett AK, Littlewood T et al.. A phase 2 trial of the FLT3 inhibitor lestaurtinib (CEP701) as first-line treatment for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia not considered fit for intensive chemotherapy. Blood 2006;108:3262–3270.

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Stone RM, Fischer T, Paquette R et al.. Phase IB study of PKC412, an oral FLT3 kinase inhibitor, in sequential and simultaneous combinations with daunorubicin and cytarabine (DA) induction and high-dose cytarabine consolidation in newly diagnosed patients with AML [abstract]. Blood 2005;106:Abstract 404.

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Lancet JE, Gojo I, Gotlib J et al.. A phase 2 study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in poor-risk and elderly patients with previously untreated acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood 2007;109:1387–1394.

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Karp JE, Feldman EJ, Morris L et al.. active oral regimen for elderly adults with newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML): phase I trial of oral tipifarnib (T) combined with oral etoposide (E) for adults >= age 70 who are not candidates for traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy (TCC) [abstract]. Blood 2006;108:Abstract 426.

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List AF, Kopecky KJ, Willman CL et al.. Benefit of cyclosporine modulation of drug resistance in patients with poor-risk acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Blood 2001;98:3212–3220.

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Chauncey TR, Rankin C, Anderson JE et al.. A phase I study of induction chemotherapy for older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia using mitoxantrone, etoposide, and the MDR modulator PSC 833. Leuk Res 2000;24:567–574.

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Greenberg PL, Lee SJ, Advani R et al.. Mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine with or without valspodar in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: a phase III trial (E2995). J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1078–1086.

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Cripe LD, Li X, Litzow M et al.. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind trial of the MDR modulator, zosuquidar, during conventional induction and post-remission therapy for pts > 60 years of age with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR-MDS): ECOG 3999 [abstract]. Blood 2006;108:Abstract 423.

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Lancet JE, Gotlib J, Wetzler M et al.. Phase I/II study of the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibitor zosuquidar administered by continuous infusion (CIV) with daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (ARA-C) as primary therapy in older patients with pgp-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [abstract]. Blood 2007;110:Abstract 299.

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Silverman LR, McKenzie DR, Peterson BL et al.. Further analysis of trials with azacitidine in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: studies 8421, 8921, and 9221 by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3895–3903.

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Issa JP, Garcia-Manero G, Giles FJ et al.. Phase 1 study of low-dose prolonged exposure schedules of the hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) in hematopoietic malignancies. Blood 2004;103:1635–1640.

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Frankel A, Liu JS, Rizzieri D, Hogge D. Phase I clinical study of diphtheria toxin-interleukin 3 fusion protein in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia. Leuk Lymphoma 2008;49:543–553.

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Liu-Yin JA, Daly SB, Sale MA et al.. Minimal residual disease monitoring by RQ-PCR in core binding factor positive AML allows risk-stratification and predicts relapse: results of the UK MRC AML-15 trial [abstract]. Blood 2007;110:Abstract 543.

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