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Background Aromatase inhibitors (AIs), tamoxifen, and the sequential use of these agents are all standard options for adjuvant hormonal therapy (HT) for postmenopausal women with early-stage, estrogen receptor (ER)–positive breast cancer. At

in longitudinal studies: development and validation . J Chronic Dis 1987 ; 40 : 373 – 383 . 14 Winer EP Hudis C Burstein HJ . American Society of Clinical Oncology technology assessment on the use of aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant

: 1451 – 1467 . 4 Smith IE . Drug therapy: aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer . N Engl J Med 2003 ; 348 : 2431 – 2442 . 5 Kaufmann M Bajetta E Dirix LY . Exemestane is superior to megestrol acetate after tamoxifen failure in

Anderson E : New endocrine therapies for breast cancer . Eur J Cancer 1996 ; 32A : 576 – 588 . 8 Goss P Starasser K . Aromatase inhibitors in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer . J Clin Oncol 2001 ; 19 : 881 – 894 . 9

of an aromatase inhibitor (AI; letrozole) for 5 years significantly reduced recurrences and mortality compared with placebo after 5 years of initial tamoxifen, 3 and this effect was greater in premenopausal compared with postmenopausal women. 4 No

initially demonstrated in the mid-1980s, 3 or an aromatase inhibitor (AI). Beginning in 2005, recommendations from ASCO suggested that adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with HR+ breast cancer include an AI, either alone or in sequence after

, aromatase inhibitor; ET, endocrine therapy, MBC, metastatic breast cancer. therapy–resistant tumors. In de novo resistance, loss of estrogen receptors (ER) or loss of amplification of co-receptors and co-amplifiers, as well as activation of the cyclin

analysis of SOFT and TEXT, an aromatase inhibitor (AI) plus ovarian suppression represents a new option for patients. Multiple questions remain, such as the timing of ovarian suppression with chemotherapy (concurrently, as on TEXT vs sequentially, as on

subtype breast cancers, a statistically significant difference ( P =.02) is seen in the number of point mutations between cancers that are aromatase inhibitor (AI)–sensitive and AI-resistant. 33 Figure 3A shows a genome wheel in which the 23 chromosomes

. 27. Winer EP Hudis C Burstein HJ . American Society of Clinical Oncology technology assessment on the use of aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: status report 2002 . J Clin Oncol