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Risk of New-Onset Prostate Cancer for Metformin Versus Sulfonylurea Use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity Score–Matched Study

Yan Hiu Athena Lee, Jiandong Zhou, Jeremy Man Ho Hui, Xuejin Liu, Teddy Tai Loy Lee, Kyle Hui, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Abraham Ka Chung Wai, Wing Tak Wong, Tong Liu, Kenrick Ng, Sharen Lee, Edward Christopher Dee, Qingpeng Zhang, and Gary Tse

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the risks of new-onset prostate cancer between metformin and sulfonylurea users with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This population-based retrospective cohort study included male patients with T2DM presenting to public hospitals/clinics in Hong Kong between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2009. We only included patients prescribed either, but not both, metformin or sulfonylurea. All patients were followed up until December 31, 2019. The primary outcome was new-onset prostate cancer and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed between metformin and sulfonylurea users based on demographics, comorbidities, antidiabetic and cardiovascular medications, fasting blood glucose level, and hemoglobin A1c level. Subgroup analyses based on age and use of androgen deprivation therapy were performed. Results: The final study cohort consisted of 25,695 metformin users (mean [SD] age, 65.2 [11.8] years) and 25,695 matched sulfonylurea users (mean [SD] age, 65.3 [11.8] years) with a median follow-up duration of 119.6 months (interquartile range, 91.7–139.6 months) after 1:1 propensity score matching of 66,411 patients. Metformin users had lower risks of new-onset prostate cancer (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69–0.93; P=.0031) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.86–0.92; P<.0001) than sulfonylurea users. Metformin use was more protective against prostate cancer but less protective against all-cause mortality in patients aged <65 years (P for trend <.0001 for both) compared with patients aged ≥65 years. Metformin users had lower risk of all-cause mortality than sulfonylurea users, regardless of the use of androgen deprivation therapy (P for trend <.0001) among patients who developed prostate cancer. Conclusions: Metformin use was associated with significantly lower risks of new-onset prostate cancer and all-cause mortality than sulfonylurea use in male patients with T2DM.

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EPR22-112: Risk of Prostate Cancer for Metformin Versus Sulphonylurea Monotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study

Yan Hiu Athena Lee, Jiandong Zhou, Jeremy Man Ho Hui, Xuejin Liu, Teddy Tai Loy Lee, Kyle Hui, Abraham Ka Chung Wai, Wing Tak Wong, Tong Liu, Kenrich Ng, Sharen Lee, Edward Christopher Dee, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Qingpeng Zhang, and Gary Tse

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Lower Risks of New-Onset Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With SGLT2 Inhibitors Versus DPP4 Inhibitors

Oscar Hou In Chou, Jing Ning, Raymond Ngai Chiu Chan, Cheuk To Chung, Helen Huang, Kenrick Ng, Edward Christopher Dee, Sharen Lee, Apichat Kaewdech, Ariel K Man Chow, Nancy Kwan Man, Tong Liu, Fengshi Jing, Bernard Man Yung Cheung, Gary Tse, and Jiandong Zhou

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may be a risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The association between risk of developing HCC and treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) is currently unknown. This study aimed to compare the risk of new-onset HCC in patients treated with SGLT2i versus DPP4i. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with T2DM in Hong Kong receiving either SGLT2i or DPP4i between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Patients with concurrent DPP4i and SGLT2i use were excluded. Propensity score matching (1:1 ratio) was performed by using the nearest neighbor search. Multivariable Cox regression was applied to identify significant predictors. Results: A total of 62,699 patients were included (SGLT2i, n=22,154; DPP4i, n=40,545). After matching (n=44,308), 166 patients (0.37%) developed HCC: 36 in the SGLT2i group and 130 in the DPP4i group over 240,269 person-years. Overall, SGLT2i use was associated with lower risks of HCC (hazard ratio [HR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.28–0.79) compared with DPP4i after adjustments. The association between SGLT2i and HCC development remained significant in patients with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis (HR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.04–0.41), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.17–0.59), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22–0.80). The results were consistent in different risk models, propensity score approaches, and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: SGLT2i use was associated with a lower risk of HCC compared with DPP4i use after adjustments, and in the context of cirrhosis, advanced fibrosis, HBV infection, and HCV infection.