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Lymphoma is a well-recognized complication in patients infected with HIV. Although its incidence has declined since the advent of antiretroviral therapy, it remains higher than seen in the general population. Several recent studies have noted improvement in clinical outcomes with the use of modern chemoimmunotherapy regimens. In patients who experience relapse, however, fewer data are available on the role of immunotherapy and its impact on outcomes. This case report presents 2 patients with relapsed HIV-associated lymphoma who experienced a second complete remission after treatment with the immunotherapy agent brentuximab vedotin.

Brentuximab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate FDA-approved for the treatment of systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) that has relapsed after multiagent chemotherapy. At least 2 cases of hypersensitivity reactions to brentuximab vedotin have been reported, without attempted desensitization. This report describes a morbidly obese 32-year-old woman with ALCL that relapsed after autologous stem cell transplantation, who was treated on a phase II clinical study with brentuximab vedotin. After 1 dose, she experienced near-complete remission, but therapy was stopped because of severe drug-related toxicity. She then received 5 cytotoxic treatments and radiation, and ultimately experienced disease progression. The patient was rechallenged with brentuximab vedotin approximately 28 months after initial exposure and tolerated the dose well, but experienced a significant allergic reaction with the next dose. High-dose steroid and antihistamine prophylaxis administered 50 minutes before the subsequent brentuximab vedotin infusion was unsuccessful in mitigating this reaction. Brentuximab vedotin was successfully infused according to a rapid desensitization protocol. With progressive dose titration and supportive care, the patient tolerated this therapy. She received 11 doses through a rapid desensitization protocol and experienced a durable disease remission.