testosterone and its derivatives with some clinical efficacy. 2 However, androgen therapy fell out of favor due to concerns of aromatization to its virilizing effects, and the availability of tamoxifen and third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs). 3
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Namratha Vontela, Vamsi Koduri, Lee S. Schwartzberg, and Gregory A. Vidal
David M. Dunning and Thomas A. Paivanas
Dimitrov NV . Two months of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide with and without interval reinduction therapy compared with 6 months of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in positive-node breast cancer patients with tamoxifen-nonresponsive tumors
Lauren E. Kernochan and Rochelle L. Garcia
Edited by Kerrin G. Robinson
RE Freedman DM Sherman ME Fraumeni JF Jr . Risk of malignant mixed mullerian tumors after tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer . J Natl Cancer Inst 2004 ; 96 : 70 – 74 . 16 Cotran RS Kumar V Collins T , eds. Robbins Pathologic Basis
Stefanie S. Jeffrey, Per Eystein Lønning, and Bruce E. Hillner
; 44 : 671 – 675 . 53 Group EBCTC . Polychemotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials . Lancet 1998 ; 352 : 930 – 942 . 54 Group EBCTC . Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: An overview of the
Kaylene Ready and Banu Arun
; chemoprevention in the form of tamoxifen, which may reduce breast cancer risk by up to 50% 4 , 5 ; prophylactic mastectomy, which reduces breast cancer risk by 90% to 95% 5 – 7 ; and prophylactic oophorectomy, which reduces breast cancer risk by 55% to 70% if
Wui-Jin Koh, Benjamin E. Greer, Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum, Sachin M. Apte, Susana M. Campos, Kathleen R. Cho, Christina Chu, David Cohn, Marta Ann Crispens, Don S. Dizon, Oliver Dorigo, Patricia J. Eifel, Christine M. Fisher, Peter Frederick, David K. Gaffney, Suzanne George, Ernest Han, Susan Higgins, Warner K. Huh, John R. Lurain III, Andrea Mariani, David Mutch, Amanda Nickles Fader, Steven W. Remmenga, R. Kevin Reynolds, Todd Tillmanns, Fidel A. Valea, Catheryn M. Yashar, Nicole R. McMillian, and Jillian L. Scavone
, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues. Tamoxifen is not indicated for patients with uterine sarcomas, because an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer and uterine sarcoma was observed in patients
Noam VanderWalde, Reshma Jagsi, Efrat Dotan, Joel Baumgartner, Ilene S. Browner, Peggy Burhenn, Harvey Jay Cohen, Barish H. Edil, Beatrice Edwards, Martine Extermann, Apar Kishor P. Ganti, Cary Gross, Joleen Hubbard, Nancy L. Keating, Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki, June M. McKoy, Bruno C. Medeiros, Ewa Mrozek, Tracey O'Connor, Hope S. Rugo, Randall W. Rupper, Dale Shepard, Rebecca A. Silliman, Derek L. Stirewalt, William P. Tew, Louise C. Walter, Tanya Wildes, Mary Anne Bergman, Hema Sundar, and Arti Hurria
cancer. In a study that randomized 636 women (aged ≥70 years) treated with lumpectomy for clinical stage I estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer to either tamoxifen with whole-breast RT or tamoxifen alone, locoregional recurrence was slightly higher
Ania Syrowatka, Sue-Ling Chang, Robyn Tamblyn, Nancy E. Mayo, and Ari N. Meguerditchian
complications. Most evident, certain types of antidepressant medications indicated for the treatment of distress (eg, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) may interfere with tamoxifen anticancer therapy. 9 In addition, older women have a disproportionately
Anthony A. Matthews, Sharon Peacock Hinton, Susannah Stanway, Alexander R. Lyon, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaran, and Jennifer L. Lund
has been suggested that users of the hormone therapy tamoxifen are at an increased risk of venous thromboembolism compared with aromatase inhibitor users, but at a decreased risk of other cardiovascular outcomes, such as coronary heart disease. 36 – 38
William J. Gradishar, Benjamin O. Anderson, Ron Balassanian, Sarah L. Blair, Harold J. Burstein, Amy Cyr, Anthony D. Elias, William B. Farrar, Andres Forero, Sharon Hermes Giordano, Matthew Goetz, Lori J. Goldstein, Clifford A. Hudis, Steven J. Isakoff, P. Kelly Marcom, Ingrid A. Mayer, Beryl McCormick, Meena Moran, Sameer A. Patel, Lori J. Pierce, Elizabeth C. Reed, Kilian E. Salerno, Lee S. Schwartzberg, Karen Lisa Smith, Mary Lou Smith, Hatem Soliman, George Somlo, Melinda Telli, John H. Ward, Dorothy A. Shead, and Rashmi Kumar
postmenopausal women, except that tamoxifen is the preferred adjuvant treatment. 5 – 9 There are limited clinical data on the efficacy of single-agent aromatase inhibitors in men, and aromatase inhibitors may be combined with gonadotropic hormone