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74% decrease in hazard of tumor progression. Importantly, vemurafenib is only effective in tumors driven by an activating BRAF mutation. Although BRAF mutations are present in 45% to 50% of CM, the prevalence is less than 10% in MM. 48 , 49 The

BRAF mutation with stratification for PTL was reported in the PRIME, 20050181, and TAILOR studies and was generally balanced between treatment arms across these studies. 17 , 19 The efficacy data of anti-EGFR therapy with stratification for both BRAF

, 11 MSI and KRAS status therefore impact individualized treatment strategies for patients with CRC, particularly those with advanced or metastatic CRC (mCRC). Although BRAF mutations have also been described in mCRC, therapeutic targeting is

selection and prognosis: KRAS mutation determination (now extended RAS assessment) before considering anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy; BRAF mutation status as a prognostic tool, and microsatellite instability analysis, particularly

and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab in untreated melanoma . N Engl J Med 2015 [e-pub ahead of print] . 13. Robert C Long GV Brady B . Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation . N Engl J Med 2015 ; 372 : 320

Rossius L . Analysis of KRAS/NRAS and BRAF mutations in FIRE-3: a randomized phase III study of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab or bevacizumab as first-line treatment for wild-type KRAS (exon 2) metastatic colorectal cancer patients [abstract] . Eur J Cancer

inhibitor selumetinib induced iodine incorporation in patients with BRAF -mutations. 6 Figure 1 Progression free survival (PFS; primary endpoint). From Schoffski P, et al: J Clin Oncol 2012;30(15 suppl):Abstract 5508 7 ; Reprinted with permission

mutations are the most common genetic alterations, and ALK, ROS1 , and RET rearrangements and BRAF mutations are also targetable. Less than half of NSCLCs of adenocarcinoma histology have no known alterable genotype,” explained Rogerio A. Lilenbaum, MD

– 1894 . 4. Robert C Long GV Brady B . Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation . N Engl J Med 2015 ; 372 : 320 – 330 . 5. Topalian SL Sznol M McDermott DF . Survival durable tumor remission, and long

. 17. Kefford RF Mann GJ . Is there a role for genetic testing in patients with melanoma? Curr Opin Oncol 2003 ; 15 : 157 – 161 . 18. Uribe P Andrade L Gonzalez S . Lack of association between BRAF mutation and MAPK ERK activation