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liver metastases, a total bilirubin level of 5 mg/dL or less and alanine aminotransferase level equal to or less than 5 times the upper limit of normal were allowed. Patients were at least 3 weeks from previous cytotoxic chemotherapy, and 5 half-lives or

pembrolizumab, restaging tomographic scans showed rapid progression of the liver metastases present at the start of immunotherapy. There was a >2-fold increase in the rate of tumor growth on pembrolizumab compared with that on gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel, meeting

surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to predict long-term survival . Ann Surg 2004 ; 240 : 644 – 657, discussion 657–658. 15. Adam R . Chemotherapy and surgery: new perspectives on the treatment of

curative resection of the stomach (D2 resection) and liver in gastric cancer patients with liver metastases . Ann Oncol 2008 ; 19 : 1146 – 1153 . 81. Koga R Yamamoto J Ohyama S . Liver resection for metastatic gastric cancer: experience with

, liver metastases that were associated with treatment failure were shown to have lower CD8-positive T-cell tumor infiltration and T-cell PD-1 and tumor PD-L1 expression. Lung lesions were associated with higher rates of objective response, consistent with

demonstrated that, of the total study population, 24% with oligometastatic CRC with liver metastases were ctDNA-positive after surgery. Patients who were ctDNA-positive had an 83% recurrence risk over the next 3 years, whereas those who were ctDNA-negative had

according to the size and location of the metastases, favoring the responses of small lesions and lung metastases. 8 – 10 Interestingly, liver metastases show a differential response based on the extent of CD8+ T-cell tumor infiltration, as well as T

question to ask is, am I dealing with cholangiocarcinoma or liver metastasis,” suggested Dr. Kahaleh. Those patients with liver metastases are not good candidates for PDT; for them, a metal stent would be recommended, he said. Next, the issue of liver

. Sipuleucel-T is indicated for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with a lower disease burden who have a robust immune system, she added, rather than those with rapidly progressing disease or liver metastases. The supporting data behind the use

noted that the efficacy of this lower dose has not been established. Other Questions to Consider For patients presenting with unresectable metastases, resecting the primary lesion or performing a biopsy of liver metastases before starting