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, which might be attributable to implementation of colonoscopic screening, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and changes in lifestyle and diet. 2 , 3 Concurrently, major advances have been made in CRC treatment, especially regarding the

, a Western diet, and diabetes have been associated with risk for developing CRC. 1 However, each of the CRC risk factors modifies the gut microbiome, the trillions of microbial species that reside within the colon. Thus, the gut microbiome has become

among white americans by sex, stage, and age . J Natl Cancer Inst 2008 ; 100 : 1184 – 1187 . 3 Brown LM Swanson CA Gridley G . Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: role of obesity and diet . J Natl Cancer Inst 1995 ; 87 : 104 – 109

depression. Most importantly, the guidelines emphasized exercise and appropriate diet. Studies in patients who survive after cancer treatment showed that those who participate in physical exercise show improved survival over those who were sedentary and

. It is now known that exercise, aspirin, and a non-Western diet are associated with a decreased risk of disease recurrence; aspirin is associated with a reduced risk of death; and sweetened beverages are associated with an increased risk of recurrence

intake in the diet or issues related to food hygiene. The committee proposed a prospective trial be conducted to find the optimal dose for the patients in the region. Proposal 3 Stereotactic radiation for liver metastasis could be an alternative

. Unfortunately, lifestyle recommendations, such as smoking cessation, adopting a healthy diet, and undertaking regular exercise, are offered infrequently. Strategies for symptom management help patients cope and reduce distress, 45 although ongoing support may

be initiated. If DKA is not present, immunotherapy may be continued and blood glucose levels should be monitored with each dose. Patients should also be advised to modify their diet and lifestyle accordingly. Endocrine consultation should be

= Blood pressure monitoring and treatment if indicated C = Cholesterol—lipid panel for every patient; cigarettes—smoking cessation D = Diet and weight management E = Exercise; EKG in some cases More recently, it has become recognized that common risk

. Vitamin D Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that can be obtained from photosynthesis in the skin, diet, or vitamin supplements. Vitamin D has received markedly increased attention recently from both researchers and the general public. It is now clear