and contiguity to nearby visceral structures and neurovascular landmarks. The propensities to spread to various locations vary among the subtypes of sarcoma. Therefore, imaging should be individualized based on the subtype of sarcoma. MRI with or
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George D. Demetri, Scott Antonia, Robert S. Benjamin, Marilyn M. Bui, Ephraim S. Casper, Ernest U. Conrad III, Thomas F. DeLaney, Kristen N. Ganjoo, Martin J. Heslin, Raymond J. Hutchinson, John M. Kane III, G. Douglas Letson, Sean V. McGarry, Richard J. O'Donnell, I. Benjamin Paz, John D. Pfeifer, Raphael E. Pollock, R. Lor Randall, Richard F. Riedel, Karen D. Schupak, Herbert S. Schwartz, Katherine Thornton, Margaret von Mehren, and Jeffrey Wayne
Matthias Holdhoff, Maciej M. Mrugala, Christian Grommes, Thomas J. Kaley, Lode J. Swinnen, Carlos Perez-Heydrich, and Lakshmi Nayak
diagnosis of PCNSL requires comprehensive workup and staging. In addition to imaging of the brain and entire spine using MRI with contrast, cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) and ophthalmologic examination to rule out ocular involvement are necessary. Brain
Keli Turner, Sheelu Varghese, and H. Richard Alexander
CT scans and tissue biopsy with appropriate immunohistochemical staining. Although CT scan is the diagnostic imaging most commonly used, MRI using specific acquisition protocols may be increasingly used in the future. 20 The role of PET or PET/CT is
Lyndsay J. Willmott, Daniele A. Sumner, and Bradley J. Monk
, because high tumor vascularity was associated with lower locoregional control and overall survival. Contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI (CD-MRI) is an imaging modality that can be used to measure vessel permeability, tumor cellular volume, and vascular volume
Umang Shah and Tara Morrison
seizures. 2 Cerebral edema is easily visible on both CT and MRI. On CT, it causes an area of low signal, whereas on MRI it increases T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal. Since their introduction in 1957 as a treatment for cerebral
Gauri R. Varadhachary
mammography and ultrasound, bilateral breast MRI is a sensitive modality to evaluate for occult primary breast carcinoma. 12 – 14 Conventional workup for neck adenopathy presenting as squamous cell carcinoma CUP includes either CT or MRI and triple endoscopy
Christopher K. Bichakjian, Thomas Olencki, Sumaira Z. Aasi, Murad Alam, James S. Andersen, Rachel Blitzblau, Glen M. Bowen, Carlo M. Contreras, Gregory A. Daniels, Roy Decker, Jeffrey M. Farma, Kris Fisher, Brian Gastman, Karthik Ghosh, Roy C. Grekin, Kenneth Grossman, Alan L. Ho, Karl D. Lewis, Manisha Loss, Daniel D. Lydiatt, Jane Messina, Kishwer S. Nehal, Paul Nghiem, Igor Puzanov, Chrysalyne D. Schmults, Ashok R. Shaha, Valencia Thomas, Yaohui G. Xu, John A. Zic, Karin G. Hoffmann, and Anita M. Engh
debated in the literature. A number of retrospective analyses have reported data on detection and appearance of MCC tumors using various imaging methods, including conventional x-ray, 12 , 67 , 117 CT, 12 , 117 – 120 ultrasound, 12 , 120 , 121 MRI, 67
Christopher Loiselle and Wui-Jin Koh
alter the arrangement of surrounding normal tissues. Tumor regression during treatment is a fortunate, though complex, reality and renders target definition based on a single preradiation CT scan less dependable. Serial MRI has been used to
Donald A. Podoloff, Douglas W. Ball, Edgar Ben-Josef, Al B. Benson III, Steven J. Cohen, R. Edward Coleman, Dominique Delbeke, Maria Ho, David H. Ilson, Gregory P. Kalemkerian, Richard J. Lee, Jay S. Loeffler, Homer A. Macapinlac, Robert J. Morgan Jr., Barry Alan Siegel, Seema Singhal, Douglas S. Tyler, and Richard J. Wong
Franz M . Reirradiation of recurrent high-grade gliomas using amino acid PET (SPECT)/CT/MRI image fusion to determine gross tumor volume for stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005 ; 63 : 511 – 519 . 49
Talha Mehmood and Thomas J. Smith
place, patients will end up in the emergency department and be admitted. For oncologists, the message is, “don't save the tough conversations until the last hospitalization.” Rather, progression of disease on CT or MRI scans should trigger the question
