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undetermined significance: Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003 ; 188 : 1383 – 1392 . 15 Cox JT . The clinician's view role of human papillomavirus testing in the American Society for Colposcopy and cervical pathology guidelines for the management of

proteins has become a reasonable surrogate for formal MSI testing. This technique, which can be performed in most pathology laboratories, involves staining tumors with antibodies directed against MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6 proteins to evaluate loss or

perform a radical lymph node dissection to reduce the tumor burden. On final pathology, the tumor was poorly differentiated, measuring 10 cm in maximum diameter, with 8 of 28 nodes positive for metastases and extranodal extension (2.5 cm in greatest

the physician to perform the procedure properly. Primary Treatment The primary tumor is assessed after surgery, and nodal surgical pathology drives treatment. Postoperative radiation is given to patients with node-positive disease. Radiation

. The pathology of renal epithelial neoplasms . Semin Oncol 2006 ; 33 : 534 – 543 . 30 Fleming S Lewi HJ . Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney . Histopathology 1986 ; 10 : 1131 – 1141 . 31 Oudard S Banu E Vieillefond A

Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is one of the most challenging diseases to diagnose in the practice of diagnostic surgical pathology, and is consequently challenging for oncologists to determine the best treatment. The knowledge of a

Cooper WA O’Toole S Boyer M . What’s new in non-small cell lung cancer for pathologists: the importance of accurate subtyping, EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements . Pathology 2011 ; 43 : 103 – 115 . 6 Sorlie T Tibshirani R Parker J

HER2-negative (Group 2, HER2-negative). The panel suggested that pathology reports include the statement “evidence is limited on the efficacy of HER2-targeted therapy in the small subset of cases with a HER2 / CEP17 ratio of ≥2 and an average HER2

. 2. Travis WD . Pathology of lung cancer . Clin Chest Med 2002 ; 23 : 65 – 81 , viii . 3. Addis BJ . Neuroendocrine differentiation in lung carcinoma . Thorax 1995 ; 50 : 113 – 115 . 4. Jiang SX Kameya T Asamura H

joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology . Genet Med 2015 ; 17 : 405 – 424 . 10.1038/gim.2015.30 25741868 3. Nykamp K , Anderson M , Powers M