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proteins has become a reasonable surrogate for formal MSI testing. This technique, which can be performed in most pathology laboratories, involves staining tumors with antibodies directed against MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6 proteins to evaluate loss or

Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is one of the most challenging diseases to diagnose in the practice of diagnostic surgical pathology, and is consequently challenging for oncologists to determine the best treatment. The knowledge of a

the physician to perform the procedure properly. Primary Treatment The primary tumor is assessed after surgery, and nodal surgical pathology drives treatment. Postoperative radiation is given to patients with node-positive disease. Radiation

References 1 Kleihues P Cavenee WK (eds): Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of the Nervous System. Lyon, France : IARC Press ; 2000 . 2 Jemal A Murray T Ward E . Cancer statistics, 2005 . CA Cancer J Clin 2005 ; 55

Cooper WA O’Toole S Boyer M . What’s new in non-small cell lung cancer for pathologists: the importance of accurate subtyping, EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements . Pathology 2011 ; 43 : 103 – 115 . 6 Sorlie T Tibshirani R Parker J

strongly support a pancreatic primary. A robust line of communication between the oncology, radiology, and pathology teams is critical for ensuring an accurate diagnosis in such cases. References 1. Rahib L Smith BD Aizenberg R . Projecting

HER2-negative (Group 2, HER2-negative). The panel suggested that pathology reports include the statement “evidence is limited on the efficacy of HER2-targeted therapy in the small subset of cases with a HER2 / CEP17 ratio of ≥2 and an average HER2

undetermined significance: Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003 ; 188 : 1383 – 1392 . 15 Cox JT . The clinician's view role of human papillomavirus testing in the American Society for Colposcopy and cervical pathology guidelines for the management of

%, and a change in margin recommendation was made in 12%. Similarly, McGinnis et al. 56 evaluated more than 5000 primary melanocytic lesions seen in a pigmented lesion clinic, and reported an 11% discordance rate between the expert and initial pathology

posterior fossa masses was performed by members of the Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Immunohistochemical studies that are pertinent to neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma tumors were used, including CD57 and neurofilaments. DNA Sequencing