staging before biopsy. The standard staging workup for a suspected primary bone cancer should include chest imaging (chest radiograph or chest CT to detect pulmonary metastases), appropriate imaging of the primary site (plain radiographs, MRI for local
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J. Sybil Biermann, Douglas R. Adkins, Mark Agulnik, Robert S. Benjamin, Brian Brigman, James E. Butrynski, David Cheong, Warren Chow, William T. Curry, Deborah A. Frassica, Frank J. Frassica, Kenneth R. Hande, Francis J. Hornicek, Robin L. Jones, Joel Mayerson, Sean V. McGarry, Brian McGrath, Carol D. Morris, Richard J. O'Donnell, R. Lor Randall, Victor M. Santana, Robert L. Satcher, Herrick J. Siegel, Margaret von Mehren, Mary Anne Bergman, and Hema Sundar
William J. Gradishar, Benjamin O. Anderson, Ron Balassanian, Sarah L. Blair, Harold J. Burstein, Amy Cyr, Anthony D. Elias, William B. Farrar, Andres Forero, Sharon Hermes Giordano, Matthew Goetz, Lori J. Goldstein, Clifford A. Hudis, Steven J. Isakoff, P. Kelly Marcom, Ingrid A. Mayer, Beryl McCormick, Meena Moran, Sameer A. Patel, Lori J. Pierce, Elizabeth C. Reed, Kilian E. Salerno, Lee S. Schwartzberg, Karen Lisa Smith, Mary Lou Smith, Hatem Soliman, George Somlo, Melinda Telli, John H. Ward, Dorothy A. Shead, and Rashmi Kumar
, HER2 tumor status determination, and pathology review. Use of MRI is optional and is not universally recommended by experts in the field. Breast MRI advocates note its high sensitivity for evaluation of extent of disease, particularly for invasive
Matthew H. Kulke, Al B. Benson III, Emily Bergsland, Jordan D. Berlin, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Michael A. Choti, Orlo H. Clark, Gerard M. Doherty, James Eason, Lyska Emerson, Paul F. Engstrom, Whitney S. Goldner, Martin J. Heslin, Fouad Kandeel, Pamela L. Kunz, Boris W. Kuvshinoff II, Jeffrey F. Moley, Venu G. Pillarisetty, Leonard Saltz, David E. Schteingart, Manisha H. Shah, Stephen Shibata, Jonathan R. Strosberg, Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, Rebekah White, James C. Yao, Deborah A. Freedman-Cass, and Mary A. Dwyer
techniques include CT and MRI. Carcinoid tumors are highly vascular and can appear isodense with liver on CT scan, depending on contrast phase. Multiphase CT or MRI scans should therefore be used for evaluation of liver metastasis. Because most carcinoid
Nicolas Batty, Naveen Yarlagadda, and Roberto Pili
. Transurethral resection of the prostate showed prostatic adenocarcinoma, Gleason score 9 (5+4). The bone scan revealed diffuse abnormal signal throughout the skeleton. Repeat PSA testing showed a level of 873 ng/mL. MRI of the pelvis revealed extensive bony
Holly Dushkin and Massimo Cristofanilli
therapy. Ultrasonography has been reported to detect up to 93% of ipsilateral axillary nodal involvement and up to 50% of infraclavicular, internal mammary, or supraclavicular nodal involvement. 19 The use of MRI has been found to be the most accurate test
Kathryn P. Lowry, Katherine A. Callaway, Janie M. Lee, Fang Zhang, Dennis Ross-Degnan, J. Frank Wharam, Karla Kerlikowske, Karen J. Wernli, Allison W. Kurian, Louise M. Henderson, and Natasha K. Stout
participation in biennial surveillance mammography, defined as ≥1 mammogram within each 26-month period after the index date in the subset of women with ≥26 months of enrollment. We also examined rates of annual surveillance with either mammography or breast MRI
Julian C. Hong, Matthew J. Boyer, Daphna Y. Spiegel, Christina D. Williams, Betty C. Tong, Scott L. Shofer, Michael J. Moravan, Michael J. Kelley, and Joseph K. Salama
therapy were classified as receiving platinum-based therapy. Patients documented in the VACCR as having undergone resection, surgery not otherwise specified, or tumor destruction were considered to have undergone surgery. Use of PET and brain MRI for
Kenneth Offit
, noting that, in the case of PALB2, he anticipated that future studies may strengthen the ovarian cancer association. “Currently the American Cancer Society has suggested that lifetime risks be used to determine whether a patient should undergo MRI
Waleed A. Hassen, Farrok A. Karsan, Farhat Abbas, Yasar Beduk, Ahmed El-Khodary, Marwan Ghosn, Jamal Khader, Raja Khauli, Danny M. Rabah, Ali Shamseddine, and Sandy Srinivas
are generally available, MRI has more limited availability. Treatment The definitive and palliative treatment of prostate cancer has multiple regional challenges. Definitive treatment typically involves either surgery or radiotherapy, and
Jonathan R. Strosberg, Gary D. Hammer, and Gerard M. Doherty
Edited by Kerrin G. Robinson
. 22 Yun M Kim W Alnafisi N . 18 F-FDG PET in characterizing adrenal lesions detected on CT or MRI . J Nucl Med 2001 ; 42 : 1795 – 1799 . 23 Caoili EM Korobkin M Brown RK . Differentiating adrenal adenomas from nonadenomas using (18
