BRAF mutation status or PD-L1 expression status. Based on the demonstrated improvement in RFS, the FDA approved nivolumab for adjuvant treatment of resected nodal or metastatic melanoma ( Table 2 ). Although the trial entry criteria required patients
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Cutaneous Melanoma, Version 2.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Daniel G. Coit, John A. Thompson, Mark R. Albertini, Christopher Barker, William E. Carson III, Carlo Contreras, Gregory A. Daniels, Dominick DiMaio, Ryan C. Fields, Martin D. Fleming, Morganna Freeman, Anjela Galan, Brian Gastman, Valerie Guild, Douglas Johnson, Richard W. Joseph, Julie R. Lange, Sameer Nath, Anthony J. Olszanski, Patrick Ott, Aparna Priyanath Gupta, Merrick I. Ross, April K. Salama, Joseph Skitzki, Jeffrey Sosman, Susan M. Swetter, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Evan Wuthrick, Nicole R. McMillian, and Anita M. Engh
NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors, Version 2.2022
Featured Updates to the NCCN Guidelines
Margaret von Mehren, John M. Kane III, Richard F. Riedel, Jason K. Sicklick, Seth M. Pollack, Mark Agulnik, Marilyn M. Bui, Janai Carr-Ascher, Edwin Choy, Mary Connelly, Sarah Dry, Kristen N. Ganjoo, Ricardo J. Gonzalez, Ashley Holder, Jade Homsi, Vicki Keedy, Ciara M. Kelly, Edward Kim, David Liebner, Martin McCarter, Sean V. McGarry, Nathan W. Mesko, Christian Meyer, Alberto S. Pappo, Amanda M. Parkes, Ivy A. Petersen, Matthew Poppe, Scott Schuetze, Jacob Shabason, Matthew B. Spraker, Melissa Zimel, Mary Anne Bergman, Hema Sundar, and Lisa E. Hang
, Novel V600E BRAF mutations in imatinib-naive and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors . Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2008 ; 47 : 853 – 859 . 10.1002/gcc.20589 18615679 44. Hostein I , Faur N , Primois C , BRAF mutation
Genomic Testing in Lung Cancer: Past, Present, and Future
Céline Mascaux, Ming-Sound Tsao, and Fred R. Hirsch
appropriate first-line therapy ( Table 1 ). Patients harboring an EGFR -sensitizing mutation, ALK or ROS1 rearrangements, or a BRAF mutation should receive an EGFR TKI (eg, gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib), an ALK TKI (eg, crizotinib, ceritinib), a ROS1
NCCN Molecular Testing White Paper: Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Reimbursement
Paul F. Engstrom, Mara G. Bloom, George Daniel Demetri, Phillip G. Febbo, William Goeckeler, Marc Ladanyi, Bryan Loy, Kate Murphy, Michael Nerenberg, Paul Papagni, Mark Robson, Robert W. Sweetman, Sean Tunis, Jessica DeMartino, and Jonathan K. Larsen
( ER/PR ), and for the Onco type DX test (Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA). Other clinical guidelines include recommendations for KRAS mutation , BRAF mutation, and microsatellite instability testing. The increased use and complexity of some
Principles of Treatment for Borderline, Micropapillary Serous, and Low-Grade Ovarian Cancer
Kari E. Hacker, Shitanshu Uppal, and Carolyn Johnston
-EOCs. 33 , 34 p53 mutations are more likely to occur in HG-EOC, as commonly as 95.9% of the time. 34 – 38 The presence of KRAS and BRAF mutations and expression of p21/WAF1 in LG-sEOC lends further support to their association with sBOT. 34 , 37 A
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 6.2015
David S. Ettinger, Douglas E. Wood, Wallace Akerley, Lyudmila A. Bazhenova, Hossein Borghaei, David Ross Camidge, Richard T. Cheney, Lucian R. Chirieac, Thomas A. D’Amico, Todd L. Demmy, Thomas J. Dilling, M. Chris Dobelbower, Ramaswamy Govindan, Frederic W. Grannis Jr, Leora Horn, Thierry M. Jahan, Ritsuko Komaki, Lee M. Krug, Rudy P. Lackner, Michael Lanuti, Rogerio Lilenbaum, Jules Lin, Billy W. Loo Jr, Renato Martins, Gregory A. Otterson, Jyoti D. Patel, Katherine M. Pisters, Karen Reckamp, Gregory J. Riely, Eric Rohren, Steven E. Schild, Theresa A. Shapiro, Scott J. Swanson, Kurt Tauer, Stephen C. Yang, Kristina Gregory, and Miranda Hughes
ALK gene rearrangements are usually highly sensitive to ALK inhibitors. 4 , 5 , 8 – 10 Other actionable molecular abnormalities continue to be discovered and explored, including BRAF mutations and ROS1 and RET rearrangements. 7 , 21 – 25
Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma: Etiology, Presentation, and Molecular Alterations
Katrina S. Pedersen, Kanwal Raghav, and Michael J. Overman
V600E for SBA compared with 73.2% for CRC. 53 A similar finding was found in an analysis of 106 cases in which 11 (10.4%) patients had BRAF mutations but none were BRAF V600E. 61 Distinct differences also exist for ERBB2 . Despite a similar
Does Colonoscopy Work?
David G. Hewett, Charles J. Kahi, and Douglas K. Rex
KJ Zhao ZZ Karamatic R . High prevalence of sessile serrated adenomas with BRAF mutations: a prospective study of patients undergoing colonoscopy . Gastroenterology 2006 ; 131 : 1400 – 1407 . 55. Weisenberger DJ Siegmund KD Campan M . CpG island
Colon Cancer
Al B. Benson III, J. Pablo Arnoletti, Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Emily Chan, Yi-Jen Chen, Michael A. Choti, Harry S. Cooper, Raza A. Dilawari, Paul F. Engstrom, Peter C. Enzinger, James W. Fleshman Jr., Charles S. Fuchs, Jean L. Grem, James A. Knol, Lucille A. Leong, Edward Lin, Kilian Salerno May, Mary F. Mulcahy, Kate Murphy, Eric Rohren, David P. Ryan, Leonard Saltz, Sunil Sharma, David Shibata, John M. Skibber, William Small Jr., Constantinos T. Sofocleous, Alan P. Venook, and Christopher Willett
that MLH1 expression is absent in the tumor. The presence of a BRAF mutation indicates that MLH1 expression is down-regulated through somatic methylation of the promoter region of the gene and not through a germline mutation. 13 The panel
BRAFV600E -Mutant Melanoma Presenting With Cardiac Involvement
Douglas B. Johnson and Jeffrey A. Sosman
is immune-based and includes ipilimumab and interleukin-2 (IL-2), which have activity regardless of BRAF mutational status. Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the immune checkpoint CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4) and has
