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management strategy for stage I TC. 14 For stage I nonseminoma, adjuvant chemotherapy with 1 cycle of bleomycin/etoposide/cisplatin (BEPX1) and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) are other options, whereas adjuvant chemotherapy with 1 cycle of

node dissection (ILND) is recommended, and again DSNB is a category 2B recommendation. “We are somewhat cautious in promoting this type of technique [DSNB],” admitted Dr. Spiess. For those with more aggressive primary tumor, the gold standard remains

management of early-stage tumors and treatment failure with isolated local recurrence. In medically operable patients, total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection is the recommended surgery for

regional lymph node dissection following the corresponding pathway for the head and neck region (see page 845) or the trunk and extremity region (see page 846). Radiation alone is an alternative when surgery is not initially feasible; however, after

. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2015 ; 25 : 1437 – 1444 . 5. Alagkiozidis I Weedon J Grossman A . Extent of lymph node dissection and overall survival in patients with uterine carcinosarcoma, papillary serous and endometrioid adenocarcinoma: a

. 7. Lee J Lim DH Kim S . Phase III trial comparing capecitabine plus cisplatin versus capecitabine plus cisplatin with concurrent capecitabine radiotherapy in completely resected gastric cancer with D2 lymph node dissection: the ARTIST trial . J

as long as the patient has no contraindications to this treatment. Lymphadenectomy The extent of lymph node dissection needed during radical cystectomy for MIBC is controversial. 8 Data show that a more extensive lymph node dissection may

predictor of survival and determines the indication for additional surgery (ie, complete lymph node dissection), systemic adjuvant therapy, surveillance imaging, and frequency of clinical follow-up. However, controversy remains regarding the most appropriate

free cervical flaps for repair. The extent of lymph node dissection was at the surgeon's discretion, mainly based on the patients’ medical histories, clinical palpation, imaging data, and intraoperative exploration. If there were several clinically

extended versus extended pelvic lymph node dissection in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a comparative study . J Urol 2011 ; 186 : 1261 – 1268 . 23. Gray PJ Fedewa SA Shipley WU . Clinical-pathologic stage