Neuropathy is a common, often debilitating complication of cancer and its treatment. Effective management of this disorder depends on early diagnosis and an understanding of its underlying causes in the individual patient. In January 2009, NCCN gathered a multidisciplinary group to review the literature and discuss intervention strategies currently available to patients as well as areas that require research efforts. The task force, which comprised experts in anesthesiology, medical oncology, neurology, neuro-oncology, neurophysiology, nursing, pain management, and rehabilitation, was charged with the goal of outlining recommendations for the possible prevention, diagnosis, and management of neuropathy. This report documents the proceedings of this meeting with a general background on neuropathy and neuropathy in oncology, followed by discussions on challenges and research issues, evaluation criteria, and management of different symptoms associated with this disorder.
Hausheer FH, Schilsky RL, Bain S et al.. Diagnosis, management, and evaluation of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Semin Oncol 2006;33:15–49.
Langkjer ST, Ejlertsen B, Mouridsen H et al.. Vinorelbine as first-line or second-line therapy for advanced breast cancer: a phase I-II trial by the Danish Breast Cancer Co-operative Group. Acta Oncol 2008;47:735–739.
Pal PK. Clinical and electrophysiological studies in vincristine induced neuropathy. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1999;39:323–330.
Park SB, Krishnan AV, Lin CS et al.. Mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity and the potential for neuroprotective strategies. Curr Med Chem 2008;15:3081–3094.
Siegal T, Haim N. Cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy: Frequent off-therapy deterioration, demyelinating syndromes, and muscle cramps. Cancer 1990;66:1117–1123.
Cassidy J, Misset JL. Oxaliplatin-related side effects: characteristics and management. Semin Oncol 2002;29:11–20.
Gamelin E, Gamelin L, Bossi L, Quasthoff S. Clinical aspects and molecular basis of oxaliplatin neurotoxicity: current management and development of preventive measures. Semin Oncol 2002;29:21–33.
Platinol label information. Available at: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=4915#nlm34084-4. Accessed: July 1, 2009.
Carboplatin label information. Available at: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=4325#nlm34084-4. Accessed: July 1, 2009.
Ozols RF, Bundy BN, Greer BE et al.. Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel compared with cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with optimally resected stage III ovarian cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:3194–3200.
Rosell R, Gatzemeier U, Betticher DC et al.. Phase III randomised trial comparing paclitaxel/carboplatin with paclitaxel/cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a cooperative multinational trial. Ann Oncol 2002;13:1539–1549.
Lilenbaum R, Axelrod R, Thomas S et al.. Randomized phase II trial of erlotinib or standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and a performance status of 2. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:863–869.
Parmar MK, Ledermann JA, Colombo N et al.. Paclitaxel plus platinum-based chemotherapy versus conventional platinum-based chemotherapy in women with relapsed ovarian cancer: the ICON4/AGO-OVAR-2.2 trial. Lancet 2003;361:2099–2106.
Pfisterer J, Vergote I, Du Bois A, Eisenhauer E. Combination therapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin in recurrent ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005;15(Suppl 1):36–41.
Park SB, Goldstein D, Lin CS et al.. Acute abnormalities of sensory nerve function associated with oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:1243–1249.
Becouarn Y, Ychou M, Ducreux M et al.. Phase II trial of oxaliplatin as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Digestive Group of French Federation of Cancer Centers. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:2739–2744.
de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M et al.. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:2938–2947.
Giacchetti S, Perpoint B, Zidani R et al.. Phase III multicenter randomized trial of oxaliplatin added to chronomodulated fluorouracil-leucovorin as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:136–147.
Maindrault-Goebel F, de Gramont A, Louvet C et al.. High-dose intensity oxaliplatin added to the simplified bimonthly leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil regimen as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (FOLFOX 7). Eur J Cancer 2001;37:1000–1005.
Maindrault-Goebel F, Louvet C, Andre T et al.. Oxaliplatin added to the simplified bimonthly leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil regimen as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (FOLFOX6). GERCOR. Eur J Cancer 1999;35:1338–1342.
Windebank AJ, Grisold W. Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2008;13:27–46.
Pace A, Bove L, Nistico C et al.. Vinorelbine neurotoxicity: clinical and neurophysiological findings in 23 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996;61:409–411.
Postma TJ, Benard BA, Huijgens PC et al.. Long-term effects of vincristine on the peripheral nervous system. J Neurooncol 1993;15:23–27.
Verstappen CC, Koeppen S, Heimans JJ et al.. Dose-related vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy with unexpected off-therapy worsening. Neurology 2005;64:1076–1077.
Jones SE, Erban J, Overmoyer B et al.. Randomized phase III study of docetaxel compared with paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:5542–5551.
Lee JJ, Swain SM. Peripheral neuropathy induced by microtubule-stabilizing agents. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:1633–1642.
Paridaens R, Biganzoli L, Bruning P et al.. Paclitaxel versus doxorubicin as first-line single-agent chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer randomized study with cross-over. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:724–733.
Seidman AD, Berry D, Cirrincione C et al.. Randomized phase III trial of weekly compared with every-3-weeks paclitaxel for metastatic breast cancer, with trastuzumab for all HER-2 overexpressors and random assignment to trastuzumab or not in HER-2 nonoverexpressors: final results of Cancer and Leukemia Group B protocol 9840. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1642–1649.
Smith RE, Brown AM, Mamounas EP et al.. Randomized trial of 3-hour versus 24-hour infusion of high-dose paclitaxel in patients with metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocol B-26. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:3403–3411.
Winer EP, Berry DA, Woolf S et al.. Failure of higher-dose paclitaxel to improve outcome in patients with metastatic breast cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial 9342. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2061–2068.
Gradishar WJ, Tjulandin S, Davidson N et al.. Phase III trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel compared with polyethylated castor oil-based paclitaxel in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:7794–7803.
Perez EA, Vogel CL, Irwin DH et al.. Multicenter phase II trial of weekly paclitaxel in women with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:4216–4223.
Fountzilas G, Tsavdaridis D, Kalogera-Fountzila A et al.. Weekly paclitaxel as first-line chemotherapy and trastuzumab in patients with advanced breast cancer. A Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group phase II study. Ann Oncol 2001;12:1545–1551.
Sparano JA, Wang M, Martino S et al.. Weekly paclitaxel in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1663–1671.
Rizvi NA, Riely GJ, Azzoli CG et al.. Phase I/II trial of weekly intravenous 130-nm albumin-bound paclitaxel as initial chemotherapy in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:639–643.
Burstein HJ, Manola J, Younger J et al.. Docetaxel administered on a weekly basis for metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:1212–1219.
Hilkens PH, Verweij J, Stoter G et al.. Peripheral neurotoxicity induced by docetaxel. Neurology 1996;46:104–108.
New PZ, Jackson CE, Rinaldi D et al.. Peripheral neuropathy secondary to docetaxel (Taxotere). Neurology 1996;46:108–111.
Badros A, Goloubeva O, Dalal JS et al.. Neurotoxicity of bortezomib therapy in multiple myeloma: a single-center experience and review of the literature. Cancer 2007;110:1042–1049.
Jagannath S, Barlogie B, Berenson J et al.. A phase 2 study of two doses of bortezomib in relapsed or refractory myeloma. Br J Haematol 2004;127:165–172.
Jagannath S, Durie BG, Wolf J et al.. Bortezomib therapy alone and in combination with dexamethasone for previously untreated symptomatic multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2005;129:776–783.
Mateos MV, Hernandez JM, Hernandez MT et al.. Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone in elderly untreated patients with multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter phase 1/2 study. Blood 2006;108:2165–2172.
Richardson PG, Barlogie B, Berenson J et al.. A phase 2 study of bortezomib in relapsed, refractory myeloma. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2609–2617.
Richardson PG, Briemberg H, Jagannath S et al.. Frequency, characteristics, and reversibility of peripheral neuropathy during treatment of advanced multiple myeloma with bortezomib. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3113–3120.
Perez EA, Lerzo G, Pivot X et al.. Efficacy and safety of ixabepilone (BMS-247550) in a phase II study of patients with advanced breast cancer resistant to an anthracycline, a taxane, and capecitabine. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3407–3414.
Thomas ES, Gomez HL, Li RK et al.. Ixabepilone plus capecitabine for metastatic breast cancer progressing after anthracycline and taxane treatment. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5210–5217.
Offidani M, Corvatta L, Marconi M et al.. Common and rare side-effects of low-dose thalidomide in multiple myeloma: focus on the dose-minimizing peripheral neuropathy. Eur J Haematol 2004;72:403–409.
Plasmati R, Pastorelli F, Cavo M et al.. Neuropathy in multiple myeloma treated with thalidomide: a prospective study. Neurology 2007;69:573–581.
Tosi P, Zamagni E, Cellini C et al.. Neurological toxicity of long-term (>1 yr) thalidomide therapy in patients with multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2005;74:212–216.
von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Hahn-Ast C, Furkert K et al.. A systematic review of phase II trials of thalidomide/dexamethasone combination therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2008;81:247–252.
Mileshkin L, Stark R, Day B et al.. Development of neuropathy in patients with myeloma treated with thalidomide: patterns of occurrence and the role of electrophysiologic monitoring. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4507–4514.
Molloy FM, Floeter MK, Syed NA et al.. Thalidomide neuropathy in patients treated for metastatic prostate cancer. Muscle Nerve 2001;24:1050–1057.
Richardson P, Schlossman R, Jagannath S et al.. Thalidomide for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma after high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation: results of an open-label multicenter phase 2 study of efficacy, toxicity, and biological activity. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:875–882.
Dimopoulos M, Spencer A, Attal M et al.. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2123–2132.
Richardson PG, Blood E, Mitsiades CS et al.. A randomized phase 2 study of lenalidomide therapy for patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Blood 2006;108:3458–3464.
Stubblefield MD, Slovin S, MacGregor-Cortelli B et al.. An electrodiagnostic evaluation of the effect of pre-existing peripheral nervous system disorders in patients treated with the novel proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2006;18:410–418.
Basch E, Iasonos A, McDonough T et al.. Patient versus clinician symptom reporting using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events: results of a questionnaire-based study. Lancet Oncol 2006;7:903–909.
Shimozuma K, Ohashi Y, Takeuchi A et al.. Feasibility and validity of the Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire during taxane chemotherapy in a phase III randomized trial in patients with breast cancer: N-SAS BC 02. Support Care Cancer 2009; in press.
Stephens RJ, Hopwood P, Girling DJ, Machin D. Randomized trials with quality of life endpoints: are doctors’ ratings of patients’ physical symptoms interchangeable with patients’ self-ratings? Qual Life Res 1997;6:225–236.
Louis TA, Lavori PW, Bailar JC III, Polansky M. Crossover and self-controlled designs in clinical research. N Engl J Med 1984;310:24–31.
Sindrup SH, Andersen G, Madsen C et al.. Tramadol relieves pain and allodynia in polyneuropathy: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Pain 1999;83:85–90.
Loprinzi CL, Kugler JW, Sloan JA et al.. Lack of effect of coumarin in women with lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1999;340:346–350.
Loprinzi CL, Sloan JA, Perez EA et al.. Phase III evaluation of fluoxetine for treatment of hot flashes. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:1578–1583.
Pockaj BA, Gallagher JG, Loprinzi CL et al.. Phase III double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of black cohosh in the management of hot flashes: NCCTG trial N01CC1. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2836–2841.
Cavaletti G, Fabbrica D, Minoia C et al.. Carboplatin toxic effects on the peripheral nervous system of the rat. Ann Oncol 1998;9:443–447.
McDonald ES, Windebank AJ. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis of DRG neurons involves bax redistribution and cytochrome c release but not fas receptor signaling. Neurobiol Dis 2002;9:220–233.
Tulub AA, Stefanov VE. Cisplatin stops tubulin assembly into microtubules. A new insight into the mechanism of antitumor activity of platinum complexes. Int J Biol Macromol 2001;28:191–198.
Benoit E, Brienza S, Dubois JM. Oxaliplatin, an anticancer agent that affects both Na+ and K+ channels in frog peripheral myelinated axons. Gen Physiol Biophys 2006;25:263–276.
Grolleau F, Gamelin L, Boisdron-Celle M et al.. A possible explanation for a neurotoxic effect of the anticancer agent oxaliplatin on neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels. J Neurophysiol 2001;85:2293–2297.
Cavaletti G, Tredici G, Braga M, Tazzari S. Experimental peripheral neuropathy induced in adult rats by repeated intraperitoneal administration of taxol. Exp Neurol 1995;133:64–72.
Macfarlane BV, Wright A, Benson HA. Reversible blockade of retrograde axonal transport in the rat sciatic nerve by vincristine. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997;49:97–101.
Sahenk Z, Brady ST, Mendell JR. Studies on the pathogenesis of vincristine-induced neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 1987;10:80–84.
Topp KS, Tanner KD, Levine JD. Damage to the cytoskeleton of large diameter sensory neurons and myelinated axons in vincristine-induced painful peripheral neuropathy in the rat. J Comp Neurol 2000;424:563–576.
Weimer LH, Podwall D. Medication-induced exacerbation of neuropathy in Charcot Marie Tooth disease. J Neurol Sci 2006;242:47–54.
Fabrizi GM, Cavallaro T, Angiari C et al.. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2E, a disorder of the cytoskeleton. Brain 2007;130:394–403.
Zhao C, Takita J, Tanaka Y et al.. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A caused by mutation in a microtubule motor KIF1Bbeta. Cell 2001;105:587–597.
Chaudhry V, Cornblath DR, Corse A et al.. Thalidomide-induced neuropathy. Neurology 2002;59:1872–1875.
Cavaletti G, Gilardini A, Canta A et al.. Bortezomib-induced peripheral neurotoxicity: a neurophysiological and pathological study in the rat. Exp Neurol 2007;204:317–325.
Csizmadia V, Raczynski A, Csizmadia E et al.. Effect of an experimental proteasome inhibitor on the cytoskeleton, cytosolic protein turnover, and induction in the neuronal cells in vitro. Neurotoxicology 2008;29:232–243.
Poruchynsky MS, Sackett DL, Robey RW et al.. Proteasome inhibitors increase tubulin polymerization and stabilization in tissue culture cells: a possible mechanism contributing to peripheral neuropathy and cellular toxicity following proteasome inhibition. Cell Cycle 2008;7:940–949.
Darnell RB, Posner JB. Paraneoplastic syndromes involving the nervous system. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1543–1554.
Berger T, Malayeri R, Doppelbauer A et al.. Neurological monitoring of neurotoxicity induced by paclitaxel/cisplatin chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 1997;33:1393–1399.
du Bois A, Schlaich M, Luck HJ et al.. Evaluation of neurotoxicity induced by paclitaxel second-line chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 1999;7:354–361.
Forsyth PA, Balmaceda C, Peterson K et al.. Prospective study of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy with quantitative sensory testing. J Neurooncol 1997;35:47–53.
Chaudhry V, Rowinsky EK, Sartorius SE et al.. Peripheral neuropathy from taxol and cisplatin combination chemotherapy: clinical and electrophysiological studies. Ann Neurol 1994;35:304–311.
Ajani JA, Welch SR, Raber MN et al.. Comprehensive criteria for assessing therapy-induced toxicity. Cancer Invest 1990;8:147–159.
Miller AB, Hoogstraten B, Staquet M, Winkler A. Reporting results of cancer treatment. Cancer 1981;47:207–214.
Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC et al.. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol 1982;5:649–655.
National Cancer Institute. National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE), version 3.0. Available at: http://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/docs/ctcaev3.pdf. Accessed July 8, 2009.
Postma TJ, Heimans JJ, Muller MJ et al.. Pitfalls in grading severity of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Ann Oncol 1998;9:739–744.
Postma TJ, Heimans JJ. Grading of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Ann Oncol 2000;11:509–513.
Cavaletti G, Jann S, Pace A et al.. Multi-center assessment of the Total Neuropathy Score for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2006;11:135–141.
Cavaletti G, Frigeni B, Lanzani F et al.. The Total Neuropathy Score as an assessment tool for grading the course of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity: comparison with the National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Scale. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2007;12:210–215.
Calhoun EA, Welshman EE, Chang CH et al.. Psychometric evaluation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity (Fact/GOG-Ntx) questionnaire for patients receiving systemic chemotherapy. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2003;13:741–748.
Cella D, Peterman A, Hudgens S et al.. Measuring the side effects of taxane therapy in oncology: the functional assesment of cancer therapy-taxane (FACT-taxane). Cancer 2003;98:822–831.
Cleeland CS, Ryan KM. Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1994;23:129–138.
Tittle MB, McMillan SC, Hagan S. Validating the brief pain inventory for use with surgical patients with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2003;30:325–330.
Galer BS, Jensen MP. Development and preliminary validation of a pain measure specific to neuropathic pain: the Neuropathic Pain Scale. Neurology 1997;48:332–338.
Jensen MP, Friedman M, Bonzo D, Richards P. The validity of the neuropathic pain scale for assessing diabetic neuropathic pain in a clinical trial. Clin J Pain 2006;22:97–103.
Bennett M. The LANSS Pain Scale: the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs. Pain 2001;92:147–157.
Potter J, Higginson IJ, Scadding JW, Quigley C. Identifying neuropathic pain in patients with head and neck cancer: use of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Scale. J R Soc Med 2003;96:379–383.
Argyriou AA, Chroni E, Koutras A et al.. Vitamin E for prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2005;64:26–31.
Argyriou AA, Chroni E, Koutras A et al.. A randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of vitamin E supplementation for protection against cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy: final results. Support Care Cancer 2006;14:1134–1140.
Pace A, Savarese A, Picardo M et al.. Neuroprotective effect of vitamin E supplementation in patients treated with cisplatin chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:927–931.
Pace A, Carpano S, Galie E et al.. Vitamin E in the neuroprotection of cisplatin induced peripheral neurotoxicity and ototoxicity [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(Suppl 18S):Abstract 9114.
Nikcevich DA, Grothey A, Sloan JA et al.. Effect of intravenous calcium and magnesium (IV CaMg) on oxaliplatin-induced sensory neurotoxicity (sNT) in adjuvant colon cancer: results of the phase III placebo-controlled, double-blind NCCTG trial N04C7 [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl 18S):Abstract 4009.
Wang WS, Lin JK, Lin TC et al.. Oral glutamine is effective for preventing oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in colorectal cancer patients. Oncologist 2007;12:312–319.
Cascinu S, Catalano V, Cordella L et al.. Neuroprotective effect of reduced glutathione on oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3478–3483.
Cascinu S, Cordella L, Del Ferro E et al.. Neuroprotective effect of reduced glutathione on cisplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:26–32.
Smyth JF, Bowman A, Perren T et al.. Glutathione reduces the toxicity and improves quality of life of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin: results of a double-blind, randomised trial. Ann Oncol 1997;8:569–573.
Lin PC, Lee MY, Wang WS et al.. N-acetylcysteine has neuroprotective effects against oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer patients: preliminary data. Support Care Cancer 2006;14:484–487.
Argyriou AA, Chroni E, Polychronopoulos P et al.. Efficacy of oxcarbazepine for prophylaxis against cumulative oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. Neurology 2006;67:2253–2255.
Cassidy J, Bjarnason G, Hickish T. Randomized double blind placebo controlled phase III study assessing the efficacy of xaliproden in reducing the cumulative peripheral sensory neuropathy induced by the oxaliplatin and 5-FU/LV combination (FOLFOX4) in first line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(Suppl 18S):Abstract 229.
Leong SS, Tan EH, Fong KW et al.. Randomized double-blind trial of combined modality treatment with or without amifostine in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1767–1774.
Hilpert F, Stahle A, Tome O et al.. Neuroprotection with amifostine in the first-line treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with carboplatin/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy--a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase II study from the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynakologische Onkologoie (AGO) Ovarian Cancer Study Group. Support Care Cancer 2005;13:797–805.
Cassidy J, Paul J, Soukop M et al.. Clinical trials of nimodipine as a potential neuroprotector in ovarian cancer patients treated with cisplatin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1998;41:161–166.
van der Hoop RG, Vecht CJ, van der Burg ME et al.. Prevention of cisplatin neurotoxicity with an ACTH(4-9) analogue in patients with ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 1990;322:89–94.
Koeppen S, Verstappen CC, Korte R et al.. Lack of neuroprotection by an ACTH (4-9) analogue. A randomized trial in patients treated with vincristine for Hodgkin’s or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2004;130:153–160.
Roberts JA, Jenison EL, Kim K et al.. A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study of ORG 2766 in the prevention or delay of cisplatin-induced neuropathies in women with ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1997;67:172–177.
Davis ID, Kiers L, MacGregor L et al.. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase II trial of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor (rhuLIF, emfilermin, AM424) to prevent chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:1890–1898.
Wolf S, Barton D, Kottschade L et al.. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: prevention and treatment strategies. Eur J Cancer 2008;44:1507–1515.
Leonetti C, Biroccio A, Gabellini C et al.. Alpha-tocopherol protects against cisplatin-induced toxicity without interfering with antitumor efficacy. Int J Cancer 2003;104:243–250.
Pathak AK, Bhutani M, Guleria R et al.. Chemotherapy alone vs. chemotherapy plus high dose multiple antioxidants in patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer. J Am Coll Nutr 2005;24:16–21.
Armstrong CM, Cota G. Calcium block of Na+ channels and its effect on closing rate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999;96:4154–4157.
Hochster HS, Grothey A, Childs BH. Use of calcium and magnesium salts to reduce oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4028–4029.
Hochster H, Grothey A, Shpilsky A, Childs BH. Effect of intravenous calcium and magnesium versus placebo on response to FOLFOX4 + bevacizumab in the CONcePT trial [abstract]. Presented at ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium; January 25–27, 2009; Orlando, Florida. Abstract 280.
Gamelin L, Boisdron-Celle M, Morel A et al.. Oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity: interest of calcium-magnesium infusion and no impact on its efficacy. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1188–1189; author reply 1189–1190.
Albers J, Chaudhry V, Cavaletti G, Donehower R. Interventions for preventing neuropathy caused by cisplatin and related compounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007:CD005228.
Hughes RA, Swan AV, Raphael JC et al.. Immunotherapy for Guillain-Barre syndrome: a systematic review. Brain 2007;130:2245–2257.
de Beukelaar JW, Sillevis Smitt PA. Managing paraneoplastic neurological disorders. Oncologist 2006;11:292–305.
Comi G, Roveri L, Swan A et al.. A randomised controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin in IgM paraprotein associated demyelinating neuropathy. J Neurol 2002;249:1370–1377.
Dalakas MC, Quarles RH, Farrer RG et al.. A controlled study of intravenous immunoglobulin in demyelinating neuropathy with IgM gammopathy. Ann Neurol 1996;40:792–795.
Dalakas MC, Rakocevic G, Salajegheh M et al.. Placebo-controlled trial of rituximab in IgM anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibody demyelinating neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2009;65:286–293.
Hammack JE, Michalak JC, Loprinzi CL et al.. Phase III evaluation of nortriptyline for alleviation of symptoms of cisplatinum-induced peripheral neuropathy. Pain 2002;98:195–203.
Kautio AL, Haanpaa M, Saarto T, Kalso E. Amitriptyline in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic symptoms. J Pain Symptom Manage 2008;35:31–39.
Rao RD, Flynn PJ, Sloan JA et al.. Efficacy of lamotrigine in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, N01C3. Cancer 2008;112:2802–2808.
Rao RD, Michalak JC, Sloan JA et al.. Efficacy of gabapentin in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial (N00C3). Cancer 2007;110:2110–2118.
Barton D, Wos E, Qin R et al.. A randomized controlled trial evaluating a topical treatment for chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: NCCTG trial N06CA [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl 15S):Abstract 9531.
Durand JP, Deplanque G, Gorent J et al.. Efficacy of venlafaxine for the prevention and relief of acute neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin: results of EFFOX, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled prospective study [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl 15S):Abstract 9533.
Backonja M, Beydoun A, Edwards KR et al.. Gabapentin for the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998;280:1831–1836.
Gilron I, Bailey JM, Tu D et al.. Morphine, gabapentin, or their combination for neuropathic pain. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1324–1334.
Hahn K, Arendt G, Braun JS et al.. A placebo-controlled trial of gabapentin for painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathies. J Neurol 2004;251:1260–1266.
Ho TW, Backonja M, Ma J et al.. Efficient assessment of neuropathic pain drugs in patients with small fiber sensory neuropathies. Pain 2009;141:19–24.
Simpson DA. Gabapentin and venlafaxine for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2001;3:53–62.
Arezzo JC, Rosenstock J, Lamoreaux L, Pauer L. Efficacy and safety of pregabalin 600 mg/d for treating painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. BMC Neurol 2008;8:33.
Freynhagen R, Strojek K, Griesing T et al.. Efficacy of pregabalin in neuropathic pain evaluated in a 12-week, randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial of flexible- and fixed-dose regimens. Pain 2005;115:254–263.
Lesser H, Sharma U, LaMoreaux L, Poole RM. Pregabalin relieves symptoms of painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2004;63:2104–2110.
Richter RW, Portenoy R, Sharma U et al.. Relief of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy with pregabalin: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Pain 2005;6:253–260.
Rosenstock J, Tuchman M, LaMoreaux L, Sharma U. Pregabalin for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain 2004;110:628–638.
Tolle T, Freynhagen R, Versavel M et al.. Pregabalin for relief of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind study. Eur J Pain 2008;12:203–213.
Meier T, Wasner G, Faust M et al.. Efficacy of lidocaine patch 5% in the treatment of focal peripheral neuropathic pain syndromes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain 2003;106:151–158.
Cheville AL, Sloan JA, Northfelt DW et al.. Use of a lidocaine patch in the management of postsurgical neuropathic pain in patients with cancer: a phase III double-blind crossover study (N01CB). Support Care Cancer 2009;17:451–460.
Quilici S, Chancellor J, Lothgren M et al.. Meta-analysis of duloxetine vs. pregabalin and gabapentin in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. BMC Neurol 2009;9:6.
Raskin J, Pritchett YL, Wang F et al.. A double-blind, randomized multicenter trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain Med 2005;6:346–356.
Wernicke JF, Pritchett YL, D’Souza DN et al.. A randomized controlled trial of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Neurology 2006;67:1411–1420.
Max MB, Lynch SA, Muir J et al.. Effects of desipramine, amitriptyline, and fluoxetine on pain in diabetic neuropathy. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1250–1256.
Freeman R, Raskin P, Hewitt DJ et al.. Randomized study of tramadol/acetaminophen versus placebo in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23:147–161.
Harati Y, Gooch C, Swenson M et al.. Double-blind randomized trial of tramadol for the treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy. Neurology 1998;50:1842–1846.
Gimbel JS, Richards P, Portenoy RK. Controlled-release oxycodone for pain in diabetic neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2003;60:927–934.
Hanna M, O’Brien C, Wilson MC. Prolonged-release oxycodone enhances the effects of existing gabapentin therapy in painful diabetic neuropathy patients. Eur J Pain 2008;12:804–813.
Watson CP, Moulin D, Watt-Watson J et al.. Controlled-release oxycodone relieves neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial in painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain 2003;105:71–78.
Melzack R, Wall PD. Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science 1965;150:971–979.
Cruccu G, Aziz TZ, Garcia-Larrea L et al.. EFNS guidelines on neurostimulation therapy for neuropathic pain. Eur J Neurol 2007;14:952–970.
Cata JP, Cordella JV, Burton AW et al.. Spinal cord stimulation relieves chemotherapy-induced pain: a clinical case report. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004;27:72–78.
Bruel BM, Burton A, Are M et al.. Dorsal column stimulation for severe chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy [abstract]. Presented at the NANS 2006 Annual Meeting; December 8, 2006.
Daousi C, Benbow SJ, MacFarlane IA. Electrical spinal cord stimulation in the long-term treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabet Med 2005;22:393–398.
Kumar K, Toth C, Nath RK. Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain in peripheral neuropathy. Surg Neurol 1996;46:363–369.
Tesfaye S, Watt J, Benbow SJ et al.. Electrical spinal-cord stimulation for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Lancet 1996;348:1698–1701.
de Vos CC, Rajan V, Steenbergen W et al.. Effect and safety of spinal cord stimulation for treatment of chronic pain caused by diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2009;23:40–45.
Roebling R, Huch K, Kassubek J et al.. Cervical spinal MRI in a patient with a vagus nerve stimulator (VNS). Epilepsy Res 2009;84:273–275.
Shah RV, Smith HK, Chung J et al.. Cervical spinal cord neoplasm in a patient with an implanted cervical spinal cord stimulator: the controversial role of magnetic resonance imaging. Pain Physician 2004;7:273–278.
De Andres J, Valia JC, Cerda-Olmedo G et al.. Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with spinal neurostimulation systems. Anesthesiology 2007;106:779–786.
Reichstein L, Labrenz S, Ziegler D, Martin S. Effective treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy by high-frequency external muscle stimulation. Diabetologia 2005;48:824–828.
Leonard DR, Farooqi MH, Myers S. Restoration of sensation, reduced pain, and improved balance in subjects with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with monochromatic near-infrared treatment. Diabetes Care 2004;27:168–172.
Prendergast JJ, Miranda G, Sanchez M. Improvement of sensory impairment in patients with peripheral neuropathy. Endocr Pract 2004;10:24–30.
Lavery LA, Murdoch DP, Williams J, Lavery DC. Does anodyne light therapy improve peripheral neuropathy in diabetes? A double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized trial to evaluate monochromatic infrared photoenergy. Diabetes Care 2008;31:316–321.
Brunelli B, Gorson KC. The use of complementary and alternative medicines by patients with peripheral neuropathy. J Neurol Sci 2004;218:59–66.
Nicholas PK, Kemppainen JK, Canaval GE et al.. Symptom management and self-care for peripheral neuropathy in HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care 2007;19:179–189.
Wang SM, Kain ZN, White P. Acupuncture analgesia: I. The scientific basis. Anesth Analg 2008;106:602–610.
Alimi D, Rubino C, Pichard-Leandri E et al.. Analgesic effect of auricular acupuncture for cancer pain: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:4120–4126.
Shlay JC, Chaloner K, Max MB et al.. Acupuncture and amitriptyline for pain due to HIV-related peripheral neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. JAMA 1998;280:1590–1595.
Schroder S, Liepert J, Remppis A, Greten JH. Acupuncture treatment improves nerve conduction in peripheral neuropathy. Eur J Neurol 2007;14:276–281.
Wong R, Sagar S. Acupuncture treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy—a case series. Acupunct Med 2006;24:87–91.
Haythornthwaite JA, Benrud-Larson LM. Psychological assessment and treatment of patients with neuropathic pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2001;5:124–129.
Head KA. Peripheral neuropathy: pathogenic mechanisms and alternative therapies. Altern Med Rev 2006;11:294–329.
Visovsky C, Daly BJ. Clinical evaluation and patterns of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2004;16:353–359.
Wampler MA, Miaskowski C, Hamel K et al.. The modified total neuropathy score: a clinically feasible and valid measure of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy in women in breast cancer. J Support Oncol 2006;4:W9–W16.
Nardone A, Galante M, Pareyson D, Schieppati M. Balance control in sensory neuron disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2007;118:538–550.
Silsupadol P, Siu KC, Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Training of balance under single- and dual-task conditions in older adults with balance impairment. Phys Ther 2006;86:269–281.
Wampler MA, Hamolsky D, Hamel K et al.. Case report: painful peripheral neuropathy following treatment with docetaxel for breast cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2005;9:189–193.
Richardson JK, Sandman D, Vela S. A focused exercise regimen improves clinical measures of balance in patients with peripheral neuropathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:205–209.
Richardson JK, Hurvitz EA. Peripheral neuropathy: a true risk factor for falls. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995;50:M211–215.
Ganz DA, Bao Y, Shekelle PG, Rubenstein LZ. Will my patient fall? JAMA 2007;297:77–86.
Richardson JK, Thies SB, DeMott TK, Ashton-Miller JA. A comparison of gait characteristics between older women with and without peripheral neuropathy in standard and challenging environments. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:1532–1537.
Richardson JK, Thies SB, DeMott TK, Ashton-Miller JA. Interventions improve gait regularity in patients with peripheral neuropathy while walking on an irregular surface under low light. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:510–515.
Quist M, Rorth M, Zacho M et al.. High-intensity resistance and cardiovascular training improve physical capacity in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006;16:349–357.
Thompson WR, Gordon NF, Pescatello LS. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.
Shah MH, Young D, Kindler HL et al.. Phase II study of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341) in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:6111–6118.
Lahrmann H, Cortelli P, Hilz M et al.. EFNS guidelines on the diagnosis and management of orthostatic hypotension. Eur J Neurol 2006;13:930–936.
Selius BA, Subedi R. Urinary retention in adults: diagnosis and initial management. Am Fam Physician 2008;77:643–650.
Slatkin N, Thomas J, Lipman AG et al.. Methylnaltrexone for treatment of opioid-induced constipation in advanced illness patients. J Support Oncol 2009;7:39–46.
Thomas J, Karver S, Cooney GA et al.. Methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation in advanced illness. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2332–2343.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Full Text Views | 3941 | 1206 | 56 |
PDF Downloads | 3398 | 895 | 85 |
EPUB Downloads | 0 | 0 | 0 |