Breast Cancer

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W. Bradford Carter
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Stephen B. Edge
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William J. Gradishar
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Daniel F. Hayes
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Clifford A. Hudis
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Mohammad Jahanzeb
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Krystyna Kiel
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Britt-Marie Ljung
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P. Kelly Marcom
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Ingrid A. Mayer
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Beryl McCormick
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George Somlo
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  • 1

    Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E et al.. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008;58:7196.

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    Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005;365:16871717.

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  • 3

    Gail MH, Costantino JP, Bryant J et al.. Weighing the risks and benefits of tamoxifen treatment for preventing breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:18291846.

  • 4

    Dupont WD, Page DL. Risk factors for breast cancer in women with proliferative breast disease. N Engl J Med 1985;312:146151.

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    White J, Morrow M, Moughan J et al.. Compliance with breast-conservation standards for patients with early-stage breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003;97:893904.

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    Wilkinson NW, Shahryarinejad A, Winston JS et al.. Concordance with breast cancer pathology reporting practice guidelines. J Am Coll Surg 2003;196:3843.

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    Giordano SH, Valero V, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN. Efficacy of anastrozole in male breast cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2002;25:235237.

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    Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN. Breast cancer in men. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:678687.

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    Gundry KR. The application of breast MRI in staging and screening for breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park) 2005;19:159169; discussion 170, 173–154, 177.

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  • 10

    Esserman L. Integration of imaging in the management of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:16011602.

  • 11

    Houssami N, Ciatto S, Macaskill P et al.. Accuracy and surgical impact of magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer staging: systematic review and meta-analysis in detection of multifocal and multicentric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:32483258.

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  • 12

    Fischer U, Zachariae O, Baum F et al.. The influence of preoperative MRI of the breasts on recurrence rate in patients with breast cancer. Eur Radiol 2004;14:17251731.

  • 13

    Solin LJ, Orel SG, Hwang WT et al.. Relationship of breast magnetic resonance imaging to outcome after breast-conservation treatment with radiation for women with early-stage invasive breast carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:386391.

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  • 14

    Members of the Breast Cancer Disease Site Group. Program in evidence-based care: a Cancer Care Ontario Program. Baseline staging tests in primary breast cancer. Practice guideline report #1-14. April 30, 2003. Available at: http://www.cancercare.on.ca/pdf/pebc1-14f.pdf. Accessed October 3, 2007.

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  • 15

    Puglisi F, Follador A, Minisini AM et al.. Baseline staging tests after a new diagnosis of breast cancer: further evidence of their limited indications. Ann Oncol 2005;16:263266.

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  • 16

    Kumar R, Chauhan A, Zhuang H et al.. Clinicopathologic factors associated with false negative FDG-PET in primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006;98:267274.

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    Wahl RL, Siegel BA, Coleman RE, Gatsonis CG. Prospective multicenter study of axillary nodal staging by positron emission tomography in breast cancer: a report of the staging breast cancer with PET study group. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:277285.

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  • 18

    Podoloff DA, Advani RH, Allred C et al.. NCCN Task Force Report: PET/CT scanning in cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2007;5(Suppl 1):S124.

  • 19

    Carr CE, Conant EF, Rosen MA et al.. The impact of FDG PET in the staging of breast cancer [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2006:24:18 (Suppl 1):Abstract 530.

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    Khan QJ, O’Dea AP, Dusing R et al.. Integrated FDG-PET for initial staging of breast cancer [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:18(Suppl 1):Abstract 558.

  • 21

    Rosen EL, Eubank WB, Mankoff DA. FDG PET, PET/CT, and breast cancer imaging. RadiGraphics 2007;27:S215229.

  • 22

    Wang S, Saboorian MH, Frenkel E et al.. Laboratory assessment of the status of Her-2/neu protein and oncogene in breast cancer specimens: comparison of immunohistochemistry assay with fluorescence in situ hybridisation assays. J Clin Pathol 2000;53:374381.

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  • 23

    DAKO HercepTest [package insert]. Carpinteria, CA: DAKO Corp; 2004.

  • 24

    Pathway HER2 [package insert]. Tucson, AZ: Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.; 2004.

  • 25

    INFORM HER2/neu gene detection system [package insert]. Tucson, AZ: Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.; 2001.

  • 26

    PathVysion HER2/neu method [package insert]. Downers Grove, IL: Vysis, Inc.; 2001.

  • 27

    SPOT-Light HER2 CISH kit [package insert]. Camarillo, CA: Invitrogen Corp.; 2008.

  • 28

    Anderson S, Gilkerson E, Klein P. Concordance between local labs and a central lab using FISH and IHC for HER2 testing [abstract]. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002;76:S68:Abstract 235.

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  • 29

    Paik S, Bryant J, Tan-Chiu E et al.. Real-world performance of HER2 testing—National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project experience. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:852854.

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  • 30

    Paik S, Tan-Chiu E, Bryant J et al.. Successful quality assurance program for HER2 testing in the NSABP trial for herceptin. Breast Cancer Res and Treat 2002;76(Suppl):S31.

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  • 31

    Perez EA, Suman VJ, Davidson NE et al.. HER2 testing by local, central, and reference laboratories in specimens from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 Intergroup adjuvant trial. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:30323038.

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  • 32

    Tubbs RR, Pettay JD, Roche PC et al.. Discrepancies in clinical laboratory testing of eligibility for trastuzumab therapy: apparent immunohistochemical false-positives do not get the message. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:27142721.

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  • 33

    Press MF, Sauter G, Bernstein L et al.. Diagnostic evaluation of HER-2 as a molecular target: an assessment of accuracy and reproducibility of laboratory testing in large, prospective, randomized clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:65986607.

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  • 34

    Carlson RW, Moench SJ, Hammond MEH et al.. HER2 testing in breast cancer: NCCN Task Force report and recommendations. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2006;4(Suppl 3):S122.

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    Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Schwartz JN et al.. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:118147.

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  • 36

    Cooke T, Reeves J, Lanigan A, Stanton P. HER2 as a prognostic and predictive marker for breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2001;12(Suppl 1):S2328.

  • 37

    Paik S, Bryant J, Park C et al.. ErbB-2 and response to doxorubicin in patients with axillary lymph node-positive, hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:13611370.

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  • 38

    Paik S, Bryant J, Tan-Chiu E et al.. HER2 and choice of adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-15. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:19911998.

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  • 39

    Piccart MJ, Di Leo A, Hamilton A. HER2 a ‘predictive factor’ ready to use in the daily management of breast cancer patients? Eur J Cancer 2000;36:17551761.

  • 40

    Thor AD, Berry DA, Budman DR et al.. erbB-2, p53, and efficacy of adjuvant therapy in lymph node-positive breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:13461360.

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    Pritchard KI, Shepherd LE, O’Malley FP et al.. HER2 and responsiveness of breast cancer to adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2006;354:21032111.

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    Dressler LG, Berry DA, Broadwater G et al.. Comparison of HER2 status by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to predict benefit from dose escalation of adjuvant doxorubicin-based therapy in node-positive breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:42874297.

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  • 43

    Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J et al.. Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;353:16731684.

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    Piccart-Gebhart MJ, Procter M, Leyland-Jones B et al.. Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;353:16591672.

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    Slamon D, Eiermann W, Robert N et al.. Phase III trial comparing AC-T with AC-TH and with TCH in the adjuvant treatment of HER2 positive early breast cancer patients: second interim efficacy analysis [abstract]. Presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 10–14, 2006; San Antonio, Texas. Abstract 52.

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  • 46

    Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Bono P et al.. Adjuvant docetaxel or vinorelbine with or without trastuzumab for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2006;354:809820.

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    Cobleigh MA, Vogel CL, Tripathy D et al.. Multinational study of the efficacy and safety of humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody in women who have HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer that has progressed after chemotherapy for metastatic disease. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:26392648.

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  • 48

    Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S et al.. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med 2001;344:783792.

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  • 49

    Vogel CL, Cobleigh MA, Tripathy D et al.. Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab as a single agent in first-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:719726.

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  • 50

    Allred DC, Harvey JM, Berardo M et al.. Prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer by immunohistochemical analysis. Mod Pathol 1999;11:155168.

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    Rhodes A, Jasani B, Barnes DM et al.. Reliability of immunochemical demonstration of oestrogen receptors in routine practice: interlaboratory variance in the sensitivity of detection and evaluation of scoring systems. J Clin Pathol 2000;53:125130.

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  • 52

    Rudiger T, Höfler H, Kreipe HH et al.. Quality assurance in immunohistochemistry: results of an interlaboratory trial involving 172 pathologists. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:873882.

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  • 53

    Arriagada R, Le MG, Rochard F, Contesso G. Conservative treatment versus mastectomy in early breast cancer: patterns of failure with 15 years of follow-up data. Institut Gustave-Roussy Breast Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:15581564.

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    Clarke M, Collins R, Darby S et al.. Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005;366:20872106.

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    Fisher B, Anderson S, Bryant J et al.. Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2002;347:12331241.

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    Veronesi U, Cascinelli N, Mariani L et al.. Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2002;347:12271232.

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    McCormick B. Partial-breast radiation for early staged breast cancers: hypothesis, existing data, and a planned phase III trial. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2005;3:301307.

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    Pignol J-P, Olivotto E, Rakovitch WE et al.. Phase III randomized study of intensity modulated radiation therapy vs. standard wedging adjuvant breast radiotherapy. Int J Rad Oncol 2006;66:S1.

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    Whelan T, MacKenzie R, Julian J et al.. Randomized trial of breast irradiation schedules after lumpectomy for women with lymph node-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:11431150.

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    Antonini N, Jones H, Horiot JC et al.. Effect of age and radiation dose on local control after breast conserving treatment: EORTC trial 22881–10882. Radiother Oncol 2007;82:265271.

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    Bartelink H, Horiot JC, Poortmans P et al.. Recurrence rates after treatment of breast cancer with standard radiotherapy with or without additional radiation. N Engl J Med 2001;345:13781387.

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  • 62

    Jones H, Antonini N, Colette L et al.. The impact of boost dose and margins on the local recurrence rate in breast conserving therapy: results from the EORTC boost-no-boost trial [abstract]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;69(3 Suppl):S23.

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  • 63

    Fourquet A, Campana F, Zafrani B et al.. Prognostic factors of breast recurrence in the conservative management of early breast cancer: a 25 year follow-up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1989;17:719725.

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  • 64

    Komoike Y, Akiyama F, Iino Y et al.. Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast-conserving treatment for early breast cancer: risk factors and impact on distant metastases. Cancer 2006;106:3541.

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  • 65

    Zhou P, Gautam S, Recht A. Factors affecting outcome for young women with early stage invasive cancer treated with breast-conserving therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007;101:5157.

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  • 66

    Golshan M, Miron A, Nixon AJ et al.. The prevalence of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in young women with breast cancer undergoing breast-conservation therapy. Am J Surg 2006;192:5862.

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  • 67

    Kroman N, Holtveg H, Wohlfahrt J et al.. Effect of breast-conserving therapy versus radical mastectomy on prognosis for young women with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2004;100:688693.

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  • 68

    Hughes KS, Schnaper LA, Berry D et al.. Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen with or without irradiation in women 70 years of age or older with early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:971977.

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    Hughes KS, Schnaper LA, Berry D et al.. Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen with or without irradiation in women 70 years of age or older with early breast cancer: a report of further follow-up. Presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 14, 2006; San Antonio, Texas. Abstract 11.

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  • 70

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    Bass SS, Lyman GH, McCann CR et al.. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Breast J 1999;5:288295.

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    Cox CE. Lymphatic mapping in breast cancer: combination technique. Ann Surg Oncol 2001;8(9 Suppl):67S70S.

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    Buzdar AU, Ibrahim NK, Francis D et al.. Significantly higher pathologic complete remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy with trastuzumab, paclitaxel, and epirubicin chemotherapy: results of a randomized trial in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:36763685.

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  • 94

    Smith IE, Dowsett M, Ebbs SR et al.. Neoadjuvant treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer with anastrozole, tamoxifen, or both in combination: the Immediate Preoperative Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, or Combined with Tamoxifen (IMPACT) multicenter double-blind randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:51085116.

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    Ellis MJ, Coop A, Singh B et al.. Letrozole is more effective neoadjuvant endocrine therapy than tamoxifen for ErbB-1- and/or ErbB-2-positive, estrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer: evidence from a phase III randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:38083816.

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