Siegel RL, Kratzer TB, Giaquinto AN, et al. Cancer statistics, 2025. CA Cancer J Clin 2025;75:10–45.

• PubMed
Siegel RL, Kratzer TB, Giaquinto AN, Cancer statistics, 2025. CA Cancer J Clin 2025;75:10–45.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Sarıcı H, Telli O, Eroğlu M. Bilateral testicular germ cell tumors. Turk J Urol 2013;39:249–252.

• PubMed
Sarıcı H, Telli O, Eroğlu M. Bilateral testicular germ cell tumors. Turk J Urol 2013;39:249–252.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Huyghe E, Matsuda T, Thonneau P. Increasing incidence of testicular cancer worldwide: a review. J Urol 2003;170:5–11.

• PubMed
Huyghe E, Matsuda T, Thonneau P. Increasing incidence of testicular cancer worldwide: a review. J Urol 2003;170:5–11.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Shanmugalingam T, Soultati A, Chowdhury S, et al. Global incidence and outcome of testicular cancer. Clin Epidemiol 2013;5:417–427.

• PubMed
Shanmugalingam T, Soultati A, Chowdhury S, Global incidence and outcome of testicular cancer. Clin Epidemiol 2013;5:417–427.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Verhoeven RHA, Gondos A, Janssen-Heijnen MLG, et al. Testicular cancer in Europe and the USA: survival still rising among older patients. Ann Oncol 2013;24:508–513.

• PubMed
Verhoeven RHA, Gondos A, Janssen-Heijnen MLG, Testicular cancer in Europe and the USA: survival still rising among older patients. Ann Oncol 2013;24:508–513.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, et al. International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19:1151–1159.

• PubMed
Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19:1151–1159.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Pishgar F, Haj-Mirzaian A, Ebrahimi H, et al. Global, regional and national burden of testicular cancer, 1990–2016: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. BJU Int 2019;124:386–394.

• PubMed
Pishgar F, Haj-Mirzaian A, Ebrahimi H, Global, regional and national burden of testicular cancer, 1990–2016: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. BJU Int 2019;124:386–394.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Ghazarian AA, McGlynn KA. Increasing incidence of testicular germ cell tumors among racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29:1237–1245.

• PubMed
Ghazarian AA, McGlynn KA. Increasing incidence of testicular germ cell tumors among racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29:1237–1245.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Vasdev N, Moon A, Thorpe AC. Classification, epidemiology and therapies for testicular germ cell tumours. Int J Dev Biol 2013;57:133–139.

• PubMed
Vasdev N, Moon A, Thorpe AC. Classification, epidemiology and therapies for testicular germ cell tumours. Int J Dev Biol 2013;57:133–139.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene F, et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th ed. Springer International Publishing; 2017.

• PubMed
Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene F, AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th ed. Springer International Publishing; 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Turnbull C, Rahman N. Genome-wide association studies provide new insights into the genetic basis of testicular germ-cell tumour. Int J Androl 2011;34:e86–96.

• PubMed
Turnbull C, Rahman N. Genome-wide association studies provide new insights into the genetic basis of testicular germ-cell tumour. Int J Androl 2011;34:e86–96.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Greene MH, Kratz CP, Mai PL, et al. Familial testicular germ cell tumors in adults: 2010 summary of genetic risk factors and clinical phenotype. Endocr Relat Cancer 2010;17:R109–121.

• PubMed
Greene MH, Kratz CP, Mai PL, Familial testicular germ cell tumors in adults: 2010 summary of genetic risk factors and clinical phenotype. Endocr Relat Cancer 2010;17:R109–121.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Albany C, Einhorn L. Pitfalls in management of patients with germ cell tumors and slight elevation of serum alpha-fetoprotein. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:2114–2115.

• PubMed
Albany C, Einhorn L. Pitfalls in management of patients with germ cell tumors and slight elevation of serum alpha-fetoprotein. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:2114–2115.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Wymer KM, Daneshmand S, Pierorazio PM, et al. Mildly elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) among patients with testicular cancer may not be associated with residual cancer or need for treatment. Ann Oncol 2017;28:899–902.

• PubMed
Wymer KM, Daneshmand S, Pierorazio PM, Mildly elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) among patients with testicular cancer may not be associated with residual cancer or need for treatment. Ann Oncol 2017;28:899–902.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Beyer J, Collette L, Sauve N, et al. Survival and new prognosticators in metastatic seminoma: results from the IGCCCG-Update Consortium. J Clin Oncol 2021;39:1553–1562.

• PubMed
Beyer J, Collette L, Sauve N, Survival and new prognosticators in metastatic seminoma: results from the IGCCCG-Update Consortium. J Clin Oncol 2021;39:1553–1562.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Garmezy B, Pagliaro LC. Choosing treatment for stage I seminoma: who should get what? Oncology (Williston Park) 2009;23:753–759.

• PubMed
Garmezy B, Pagliaro LC. Choosing treatment for stage I seminoma: who should get what? Oncology (Williston Park) 2009;23:753–759.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Choo R, Sandler H, Warde P, et al. Survey of radiation oncologists: practice patterns of the management of stage I seminoma of testis in Canada and a selected group in the United States. Can J Urol 2002;9:1479–1485.

• PubMed
Choo R, Sandler H, Warde P, Survey of radiation oncologists: practice patterns of the management of stage I seminoma of testis in Canada and a selected group in the United States. Can J Urol 2002;9:1479–1485.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mead GM, Fossa SD, Oliver RT, et al. Randomized trials in 2466 patients with stage I seminoma: patterns of relapse and follow-up. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011;103:241–249.

• PubMed
Mead GM, Fossa SD, Oliver RT, Randomized trials in 2466 patients with stage I seminoma: patterns of relapse and follow-up. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011;103:241–249.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Tandstad T, Stahl O, Dahl O, et al. Treatment of stage I seminoma, with one course of adjuvant carboplatin or surveillance, risk-adapted recommendations implementing patient autonomy: a report from the Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group (SWENOTECA). Ann Oncol 2016;27:1299–1304.

• PubMed
Tandstad T, Stahl O, Dahl O, Treatment of stage I seminoma, with one course of adjuvant carboplatin or surveillance, risk-adapted recommendations implementing patient autonomy: a report from the Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group (SWENOTECA). Ann Oncol 2016;27:1299–1304.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Aparicio J, García del Muro X, Maroto P, et al. Multicenter study evaluating a dual policy of postorchiectomy surveillance and selective adjuvant single-agent carboplatin for patients with clinical stage I seminoma. Ann Oncol 2003;14:867–872.

• PubMed
Aparicio J, García del Muro X, Maroto P, Multicenter study evaluating a dual policy of postorchiectomy surveillance and selective adjuvant single-agent carboplatin for patients with clinical stage I seminoma. Ann Oncol 2003;14:867–872.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Warde P, Specht L, Horwich A, et al. Prognostic factors for relapse in stage I seminoma managed by surveillance: a pooled analysis. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:4448–4452.

• PubMed
Warde P, Specht L, Horwich A, Prognostic factors for relapse in stage I seminoma managed by surveillance: a pooled analysis. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:4448–4452.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Chung P, Parker C, Panzarella T, et al. Surveillance in stage I testicular seminoma - risk of late relapse. Can J Urol 2002;9:1637–1640.

• PubMed
Chung P, Parker C, Panzarella T, Surveillance in stage I testicular seminoma - risk of late relapse. Can J Urol 2002;9:1637–1640.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Groll RJ, Warde P, Jewett MA. A comprehensive systematic review of testicular germ cell tumor surveillance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007;64:182–197.

• PubMed
Groll RJ, Warde P, Jewett MA. A comprehensive systematic review of testicular germ cell tumor surveillance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007;64:182–197.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Escudero-Ávila R, Rodríguez-Castaño JD, Osman I, et al. Active surveillance as a successful management strategy for patients with clinical stage I germ cell testicular cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2019;21:796–804.

• PubMed
Escudero-Ávila R, Rodríguez-Castaño JD, Osman I, Active surveillance as a successful management strategy for patients with clinical stage I germ cell testicular cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2019;21:796–804.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Zengerling F, Kunath F, Jensen K, et al. Prognostic factors for tumor recurrence in patients with clinical stage I seminoma undergoing surveillance-a systematic review. Urol Oncol 2018;36:448–458.

• PubMed
Zengerling F, Kunath F, Jensen K, Prognostic factors for tumor recurrence in patients with clinical stage I seminoma undergoing surveillance-a systematic review. Urol Oncol 2018;36:448–458.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Aparicio J, Maroto P, García Del Muro X, et al. Prognostic factors for relapse in stage I seminoma: a new nomogram derived from three consecutive, risk-adapted studies from the Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group (SGCCG). Ann Oncol 2014;25:2173–2178.

• PubMed
Aparicio J, Maroto P, García Del Muro X, Prognostic factors for relapse in stage I seminoma: a new nomogram derived from three consecutive, risk-adapted studies from the Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group (SGCCG). Ann Oncol 2014;25:2173–2178.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Chung P, Daugaard G, Tyldesley S, et al. Evaluation of a prognostic model for risk of relapse in stage I seminoma surveillance. Cancer Med 2015;4:155–160.

• PubMed
Chung P, Daugaard G, Tyldesley S, Evaluation of a prognostic model for risk of relapse in stage I seminoma surveillance. Cancer Med 2015;4:155–160.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Chung P, Warde P. Stage I seminoma: adjuvant treatment is effective but is it necessary? J Natl Cancer Inst 2011;103:194–196.

• PubMed
Chung P, Warde P. Stage I seminoma: adjuvant treatment is effective but is it necessary? J Natl Cancer Inst 2011;103:194–196.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mortensen MS, Lauritsen J, Gundgaard MG, et al. A nationwide cohort study of stage I seminoma patients followed on a surveillance program. Eur Urol 2014;66:1172–1178.

• PubMed
Mortensen MS, Lauritsen J, Gundgaard MG, A nationwide cohort study of stage I seminoma patients followed on a surveillance program. Eur Urol 2014;66:1172–1178.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Boormans JL, Sylvester R, Anson-Cartwright L, et al. Prognostic factor risk groups for clinical stage I seminoma: an individual patient data analysis by the European Association of Urology Testicular Cancer Guidelines Panel and Guidelines Office. Eur Urol Oncol 2024;7:537–543.

• PubMed
Boormans JL, Sylvester R, Anson-Cartwright L, Prognostic factor risk groups for clinical stage I seminoma: an individual patient data analysis by the European Association of Urology Testicular Cancer Guidelines Panel and Guidelines Office. Eur Urol Oncol 2024;7:537–543.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Wagner T, Toft BG, Lauritsen J, et al. Prognostic factors for relapse in patients with clinical stage I testicular non-seminoma: a nationwide, population-based cohort study. Eur J Cancer 2024;202:114025.

• PubMed
Wagner T, Toft BG, Lauritsen J, Prognostic factors for relapse in patients with clinical stage I testicular non-seminoma: a nationwide, population-based cohort study. Eur J Cancer 2024;202:114025.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Boormans JL, Mayor de Castro J, Marconi L, et al. Testicular tumour size and rete testis invasion as prognostic factors for the risk of relapse of clinical stage I seminoma testis patients under surveillance: a systematic review by the Testicular Cancer Guidelines Panel. Eur Urol 2018;73:394–405.

• PubMed
Boormans JL, Mayor de Castro J, Marconi L, Testicular tumour size and rete testis invasion as prognostic factors for the risk of relapse of clinical stage I seminoma testis patients under surveillance: a systematic review by the Testicular Cancer Guidelines Panel. Eur Urol 2018;73:394–405.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Oliver RT, Mason MD, Mead GM, et al. Radiotherapy versus single-dose carboplatin in adjuvant treatment of stage I seminoma: a randomised trial. Lancet 2005;366:293–300.

• PubMed
Oliver RT, Mason MD, Mead GM, Radiotherapy versus single-dose carboplatin in adjuvant treatment of stage I seminoma: a randomised trial. Lancet 2005;366:293–300.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Oliver RT, Mead GM, Rustin GJ, et al. Randomized trial of carboplatin versus radiotherapy for stage I seminoma: mature results on relapse and contralateral testis cancer rates in MRC TE19/EORTC 30982 study (ISRCTN27163214). J Clin Oncol 2011;29:957–962.

• PubMed
Oliver RT, Mead GM, Rustin GJ, Randomized trial of carboplatin versus radiotherapy for stage I seminoma: mature results on relapse and contralateral testis cancer rates in MRC TE19/EORTC 30982 study (ISRCTN27163214). J Clin Oncol 2011;29:957–962.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

van de Wetering RAW, Sleijfer S, Feldman DR, et al. Controversies in the management of clinical stage I seminoma: carboplatin a decade in-time to start backing out. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:837–840.

• PubMed
van de Wetering RAW, Sleijfer S, Feldman DR, Controversies in the management of clinical stage I seminoma: carboplatin a decade in-time to start backing out. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:837–840.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Huddart RA, Norman A, Shahidi M, et al. Cardiovascular disease as a long-term complication of treatment for testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1513–1523.

• PubMed
Huddart RA, Norman A, Shahidi M, Cardiovascular disease as a long-term complication of treatment for testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1513–1523.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

van den Belt-Dusebout AW, de Wit R, Gietema JA, et al. Treatment- specific risks of second malignancies and cardiovascular disease in 5-year survivors of testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4370–4378.

• PubMed
van den Belt-Dusebout AW, de Wit R, Gietema JA, Treatment- specific risks of second malignancies and cardiovascular disease in 5-year survivors of testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4370–4378.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Groot HJ, Lubberts S, de Wit R, et al. Risk of solid cancer after treatment of testicular germ cell cancer in the platinum era. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:2504–2513.

• PubMed
Groot HJ, Lubberts S, de Wit R, Risk of solid cancer after treatment of testicular germ cell cancer in the platinum era. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:2504–2513.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Hellesnes R, Myklebust TA, Fossa SD, et al. Testicular cancer in the cisplatin era: causes of death and mortality rates in a population-based cohort. J Clin Oncol 2021;39:3561–3573.

• PubMed
Hellesnes R, Myklebust TA, Fossa SD, Testicular cancer in the cisplatin era: causes of death and mortality rates in a population-based cohort. J Clin Oncol 2021;39:3561–3573.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Aparicio J, García Del Muro X, Maroto P, et al. Patterns of relapse and treatment outcome after active surveillance or adjuvant carboplatin for stage I seminoma: a retrospective study of the Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group. Clin Transl Oncol 2021;23:58–64.

• PubMed
Aparicio J, García Del Muro X, Maroto P, Patterns of relapse and treatment outcome after active surveillance or adjuvant carboplatin for stage I seminoma: a retrospective study of the Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group. Clin Transl Oncol 2021;23:58–64.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Aparicio J, Germà JR, García del Muro X, et al. Risk-adapted management for patients with clinical stage I seminoma: the Second Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Cooperative Group study. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8717–8723.

• PubMed
Aparicio J, Germà JR, García del Muro X, Risk-adapted management for patients with clinical stage I seminoma: the Second Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Cooperative Group study. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8717–8723.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Aparicio J, Maroto P, García del Muro X, et al. Risk-adapted treatment in clinical stage I testicular seminoma: the third Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group study. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:4677–4681.

• PubMed
Aparicio J, Maroto P, García del Muro X, Risk-adapted treatment in clinical stage I testicular seminoma: the third Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group study. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:4677–4681.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Koutsoukos K, Tzannis K, Christodoulou C, et al. Two cycles of adjuvant carboplatin in stage I seminoma: 8-year experience by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HECOG). World J Urol 2016;34:853–857.

• PubMed
Koutsoukos K, Tzannis K, Christodoulou C, Two cycles of adjuvant carboplatin in stage I seminoma: 8-year experience by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HECOG). World J Urol 2016;34:853–857.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Dieckmann KP, Dralle-Filiz I, Matthies C, et al. Testicular seminoma clinical stage 1: treatment outcome on a routine care level. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016;142:1599–1607.

• PubMed
Dieckmann KP, Dralle-Filiz I, Matthies C, Testicular seminoma clinical stage 1: treatment outcome on a routine care level. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016;142:1599–1607.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Travis LB, Curtis RE, Storm H, et al. Risk of second malignant neoplasms among long-term survivors of testicular cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997;89:1429–1439.

• PubMed
Travis LB, Curtis RE, Storm H, Risk of second malignant neoplasms among long-term survivors of testicular cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997;89:1429–1439.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Travis LB, Fosså SD, Schonfeld SJ, et al. Second cancers among 40,576 testicular cancer patients: focus on long-term survivors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:1354–1365.

• PubMed
Travis LB, Fosså SD, Schonfeld SJ, Second cancers among 40,576 testicular cancer patients: focus on long-term survivors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:1354–1365.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Beard CJ, Travis LB, Chen MH, et al. Outcomes in stage I testicular seminoma: a population-based study of 9193 patients. Cancer 2013;119:2771–2777.

• PubMed
Beard CJ, Travis LB, Chen MH, Outcomes in stage I testicular seminoma: a population-based study of 9193 patients. Cancer 2013;119:2771–2777.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Horwich A, Fossa SD, Huddart R, et al. Second cancer risk and mortality in men treated with radiotherapy for stage I seminoma. Br J Cancer 2014;110:256–263.

• PubMed
Horwich A, Fossa SD, Huddart R, Second cancer risk and mortality in men treated with radiotherapy for stage I seminoma. Br J Cancer 2014;110:256–263.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

McMahon CJ, Rofsky NM, Pedrosa I. Lymphatic metastases from pelvic tumors: anatomic classification, characterization, and staging. Radiology 2010;254:31–46.

• PubMed
McMahon CJ, Rofsky NM, Pedrosa I. Lymphatic metastases from pelvic tumors: anatomic classification, characterization, and staging. Radiology 2010;254:31–46.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Dinniwell R, Chan P, Czarnota G, et al. Pelvic lymph node topography for radiotherapy treatment planning from ferumoxtran-10 contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;74:844–851.

• PubMed
Dinniwell R, Chan P, Czarnota G, Pelvic lymph node topography for radiotherapy treatment planning from ferumoxtran-10 contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;74:844–851.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Jones WG, Fossa SD, Mead GM, et al. Randomized trial of 30 versus 20 Gy in the adjuvant treatment of stage I testicular seminoma: a report on Medical Research Council trial TE18, European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 30942 (ISRCTN18525328). J Clin Oncol 2005;23:1200–1208.

• PubMed
Jones WG, Fossa SD, Mead GM, Randomized trial of 30 versus 20 Gy in the adjuvant treatment of stage I testicular seminoma: a report on Medical Research Council trial TE18, European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 30942 (ISRCTN18525328). J Clin Oncol 2005;23:1200–1208.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Fossa SD, Horwich A, Russell JM, et al. Optimal planning target volume for stage I testicular seminoma: a Medical Research Council randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:1146.

• PubMed
Fossa SD, Horwich A, Russell JM, Optimal planning target volume for stage I testicular seminoma: a Medical Research Council randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:1146.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Livsey JE, Taylor B, Mobarek N, et al. Patterns of relapse following radiotherapy for stage I seminoma of the testis: implications for follow-up. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2001;13:296–300.

• PubMed
Livsey JE, Taylor B, Mobarek N, Patterns of relapse following radiotherapy for stage I seminoma of the testis: implications for follow-up. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2001;13:296–300.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Martin JM, Panzarella T, Zwahlen DR, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for following stage 1 seminoma. Cancer 2007;109:2248–2256.

• PubMed
Martin JM, Panzarella T, Zwahlen DR, Evidence-based guidelines for following stage 1 seminoma. Cancer 2007;109:2248–2256.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

van As NJ, Gilbert DC, Money-Kyrle J, et al. Evidence-based pragmatic guidelines for the follow-up of testicular cancer: optimising the detection of relapse. Br J Cancer 2008;98:1894–1902.

• PubMed
van As NJ, Gilbert DC, Money-Kyrle J, Evidence-based pragmatic guidelines for the follow-up of testicular cancer: optimising the detection of relapse. Br J Cancer 2008;98:1894–1902.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Glaser SM, Vargo JA, Balasubramani GK, Beriwal S. Stage II testicular seminoma: patterns of care and survival by treatment strategy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2016;28:513–521.

• PubMed
Glaser SM, Vargo JA, Balasubramani GK, Beriwal S. Stage II testicular seminoma: patterns of care and survival by treatment strategy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2016;28:513–521.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Paly JJ, Lin CC, Gray PJ, et al. Management and outcomes of clinical stage IIA/B seminoma: results from the National Cancer Data Base 1998–2012. Pract Radiat Oncol 2016;6:e249–258.

• PubMed
Paly JJ, Lin CC, Gray PJ, Management and outcomes of clinical stage IIA/B seminoma: results from the National Cancer Data Base 1998–2012. Pract Radiat Oncol 2016;6:e249–258.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Classen J, Schmidberger H, Meisner C, et al. Radiotherapy for stages IIA/B testicular seminoma: final report of a prospective multicenter clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1101–1106.

• PubMed
Classen J, Schmidberger H, Meisner C, Radiotherapy for stages IIA/B testicular seminoma: final report of a prospective multicenter clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1101–1106.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Tachibana I, Alabd A, Tong Y, et al. Primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for stage II seminoma: is surgery the new path forward? J Clin Oncol 2023;41:3930–3938.

• PubMed
Tachibana I, Alabd A, Tong Y, Primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for stage II seminoma: is surgery the new path forward? J Clin Oncol 2023;41:3930–3938.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Daneshmand S, Cary C, Masterson T, et al. Surgery in early metastatic seminoma: a phase II trial of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular seminoma with limited retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. J Clin Oncol 2023;41:3009–3018.

• PubMed
Daneshmand S, Cary C, Masterson T, Surgery in early metastatic seminoma: a phase II trial of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular seminoma with limited retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. J Clin Oncol 2023;41:3009–3018.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Heidenreich A, Paffenholz P, Hartmann F, et al. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in clinical stage IIA/B metastatic seminoma: results of the COlogne Trial of Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy In Metastatic Seminoma (COTRIMS). Eur Urol Oncol 2024;7:122–127.

• PubMed
Heidenreich A, Paffenholz P, Hartmann F, Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in clinical stage IIA/B metastatic seminoma: results of the COlogne Trial of Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy In Metastatic Seminoma (COTRIMS). Eur Urol Oncol 2024;7:122–127.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Hiester A, Che Y, Lusch A, et al. Phase 2 single-arm trial of primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors with clinical stage IIA/B (PRIMETEST). Eur Urol 2023;84:25–31.

• PubMed
Hiester A, Che Y, Lusch A, Phase 2 single-arm trial of primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors with clinical stage IIA/B (PRIMETEST). Eur Urol 2023;84:25–31.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Papachristofilou A, Bedke J, Hayoz S, et al. Single-dose carboplatin followed by involved-node radiotherapy for stage IIA and stage IIB seminoma (SAKK 01/10): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2022;23:1441–1450.

• PubMed
Papachristofilou A, Bedke J, Hayoz S, Single-dose carboplatin followed by involved-node radiotherapy for stage IIA and stage IIB seminoma (SAKK 01/10): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2022;23:1441–1450.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

de Wit R, Roberts JT, Wilkinson PM, et al. Equivalence of three or four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy and of a 3- or 5-day schedule in good-prognosis germ cell cancer: a randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group and the Medical Research Council. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1629–1640.

• PubMed
de Wit R, Roberts JT, Wilkinson PM, Equivalence of three or four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy and of a 3- or 5-day schedule in good-prognosis germ cell cancer: a randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group and the Medical Research Council. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1629–1640.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Bajorin D, et al. Etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy for metastatic good-risk germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:9290–9294.

• PubMed
Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Bajorin D, Etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy for metastatic good-risk germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:9290–9294.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Cary C, Jacob JM, Albany C, et al. Long-term survival of good-risk germ cell tumor patients after postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection: a comparison of BEP x 3 vs. EP x 4 and treating institution. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2018;16:e307–313.

• PubMed
Cary C, Jacob JM, Albany C, Long-term survival of good-risk germ cell tumor patients after postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection: a comparison of BEP x 3 vs. EP x 4 and treating institution. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2018;16:e307–313.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Kawai K, Akaza H. Current status of chemotherapy in risk-adapted management for metastatic testicular germ cell cancer. Cancer Sci 2010;101:22–28.

• PubMed
Kawai K, Akaza H. Current status of chemotherapy in risk-adapted management for metastatic testicular germ cell cancer. Cancer Sci 2010;101:22–28.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Calabrò F, Albers P, Bokemeyer C, et al. The contemporary role of chemotherapy for advanced testis cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Urol 2012;61:1212–1221.

• PubMed
Calabrò F, Albers P, Bokemeyer C, The contemporary role of chemotherapy for advanced testis cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Urol 2012;61:1212–1221.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Feldman DR, Bosl GJ, Sheinfeld J, Motzer RJ. Medical treatment of advanced testicular cancer. JAMA 2008;299:672–684.

• PubMed
Feldman DR, Bosl GJ, Sheinfeld J, Motzer RJ. Medical treatment of advanced testicular cancer. JAMA 2008;299:672–684.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Fizazi K, Delva R, Caty A, et al. A risk-adapted study of cisplatin and etoposide, with or without ifosfamide, in patients with metastatic seminoma: results of the GETUG S99 multicenter prospective study. Eur Urol 2014;65:381–386.

• PubMed
Fizazi K, Delva R, Caty A, A risk-adapted study of cisplatin and etoposide, with or without ifosfamide, in patients with metastatic seminoma: results of the GETUG S99 multicenter prospective study. Eur Urol 2014;65:381–386.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Yoshida T, Yonese J, Kitsukawa S, et al. [Treatment results of VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin) chemotherapy as a first-line therapy in metastatic germ cell tumors]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 2000;91:55–61.

• PubMed
Yoshida T, Yonese J, Kitsukawa S, [Treatment results of VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin) chemotherapy as a first-line therapy in metastatic germ cell tumors]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 2000;91:55–61.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Ishioka J, Kageyama Y, Inoue M, et al. [Result of treatment for advanced germ cell tumor in the last decade]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 2010;101:539–546.

• PubMed
Ishioka J, Kageyama Y, Inoue M, [Result of treatment for advanced germ cell tumor in the last decade]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 2010;101:539–546.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Donadio A, et al. Combination of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin is an effective second-line therapy for patients with relapsed testicular germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6549–6555.

• PubMed
Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Donadio A, Combination of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin is an effective second-line therapy for patients with relapsed testicular germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6549–6555.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Loehrer PJ, Lauer R, Roth BJ, et al. Salvage therapy in recurrent germ cell cancer: ifosfamide and cisplatin plus either vinblastine or etoposide. Ann Intern Med 1988;109:540–546.

• PubMed
Loehrer PJ, Lauer R, Roth BJ, Salvage therapy in recurrent germ cell cancer: ifosfamide and cisplatin plus either vinblastine or etoposide. Ann Intern Med 1988;109:540–546.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Miller KD, Loehrer PJ, Gonin R, Einhorn LH. Salvage chemotherapy with vinblastine, ifosfamide, and cisplatin in recurrent seminoma. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:1427–1431.

• PubMed
Miller KD, Loehrer PJ, Gonin R, Einhorn LH. Salvage chemotherapy with vinblastine, ifosfamide, and cisplatin in recurrent seminoma. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:1427–1431.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Sheinfeld J, et al. Paclitaxel plus ifosfamide followed by high-dose carboplatin plus etoposide in previously treated germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:85–90.

• PubMed
Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Sheinfeld J, Paclitaxel plus ifosfamide followed by high-dose carboplatin plus etoposide in previously treated germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:85–90.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Einhorn LH, Williams SD, Chamness A, et al. High-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue for metastatic germ-cell tumors. N Engl J Med 2007;357:340–348.

• PubMed
Einhorn LH, Williams SD, Chamness A, High-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue for metastatic germ-cell tumors. N Engl J Med 2007;357:340–348.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN, et al. Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade. Science 2017;357:409–413.

• PubMed
Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN, Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade. Science 2017;357:409–413.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Le DT, Uram JN, Wang H, et al. PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2509–2520.

• PubMed
Le DT, Uram JN, Wang H, PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2509–2520.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Marabelle A, Fakih M, Lopez J, et al. Association of tumour mutational burden with outcomes in patients with advanced solid tumours treated with pembrolizumab: prospective biomarker analysis of the multicohort, open-label, phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 study. Lancet Oncol 2020;21:1353–1365.

• PubMed
Marabelle A, Fakih M, Lopez J, Association of tumour mutational burden with outcomes in patients with advanced solid tumours treated with pembrolizumab: prospective biomarker analysis of the multicohort, open-label, phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 study. Lancet Oncol 2020;21:1353–1365.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation