American Cancer Society. Key statistics for anal cancer. Accessed April 25, 2023. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/anal-cancer/about/what-is-key-statistics.html

• PubMed
American Cancer Society. Key statistics for anal cancer. Accessed April 25, 2023. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/anal-cancer/about/what-is-key-statistics.html)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Kachnic LA, Winter K, Myerson RJ, et al. RTOG 0529: a phase 2 evaluation of dose-painted intensity modulated radiation therapy in combination with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C for the reduction of acute morbidity in carcinoma of the anal canal. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013;86:27–33.

• PubMed
Kachnic LA, Winter K, Myerson RJ, RTOG 0529: a phase 2 evaluation of dose-painted intensity modulated radiation therapy in combination with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C for the reduction of acute morbidity in carcinoma of the anal canal. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013;86:27–33.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Allal AS, Mermillod B, Roth AD, et al. The impact of treatment factors on local control in T2-T3 anal carcinomas treated by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Cancer 1997;79:2329–2335.

• PubMed
Allal AS, Mermillod B, Roth AD, The impact of treatment factors on local control in T2-T3 anal carcinomas treated by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Cancer 1997;79:2329–2335.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group website. Accessed April 22, 2023. Available at: https://ecog-acrin.org/

• PubMed
ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group website. Accessed April 22, 2023. Available at: https://ecog-acrin.org/)| false
• Export Citation

Benson AB III, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM, et al. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Anal Carcinoma. Version 2.2023. Accessed April 22, 2023. To view the most recent version, visit https://www.nccn.org

• PubMed
Benson AB III, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Anal Carcinoma. Version 2.2023. Accessed April 22, 2023. To view the most recent version, visit https://www.nccn.org)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

El-Ghazal R, Podoltsev N, Marks P, et al. Mitomycin C-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome: cumulative toxicity of an old drug in a new era. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2011;10:142–145.

• PubMed
El-Ghazal R, Podoltsev N, Marks P, Mitomycin C-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome: cumulative toxicity of an old drug in a new era. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2011;10:142–145.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

UpToDate. Mitomycin pulmonary toxicity. Accessed April 22, 2023. Available at: https://www.medilib.ir/uptodate/show/4350

• PubMed
UpToDate. Mitomycin pulmonary toxicity. Accessed April 22, 2023. Available at: https://www.medilib.ir/uptodate/show/4350)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Northover J, Glynne-Jones R, Sebag-Montefiore D, et al. Chemoradiation for the treatment of epidermoid anal cancer: 13-year follow-up of the first randomised UKCCCR Anal Cancer Trial (ACT I). Br J Cancer 2010;102:1123–1128.

• PubMed
Northover J, Glynne-Jones R, Sebag-Montefiore D, Chemoradiation for the treatment of epidermoid anal cancer: 13-year follow-up of the first randomised UKCCCR Anal Cancer Trial (ACT I). Br J Cancer 2010;102:1123–1128.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

UKCCCR Anal Cancer Trial Working Party. Epidermoid anal cancer: results from the UKCCCR randomised trial of radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy, 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin. Lancet 1996;348:1049–1054.

• PubMed
UKCCCR Anal Cancer Trial Working Party. Epidermoid anal cancer: results from the UKCCCR randomised trial of radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy, 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin. Lancet 1996;348:1049–1054.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Oliveira SC, Moniz CM, Riechelmann R, et al. Phase II study of capecitabine in substitution of 5-FU in the chemoradiotherapy regimen for patients with localized squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. J Gastrointest Cancer 2016;47:75–81.

• PubMed
Oliveira SC, Moniz CM, Riechelmann R, Phase II study of capecitabine in substitution of 5-FU in the chemoradiotherapy regimen for patients with localized squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. J Gastrointest Cancer 2016;47:75–81.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Thind G, Johal B, Follwell M, et al. Chemoradiation with capecitabine and mitomycin-C for stage I-III anal squamous cell carcinoma. Radiat Oncol 2014;9:124.

• PubMed
Thind G, Johal B, Follwell M, Chemoradiation with capecitabine and mitomycin-C for stage I-III anal squamous cell carcinoma. Radiat Oncol 2014;9:124.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Goodman LM, Estfan B, Montero A, et al. Improving the management of patients with low-risk neutropenic fever at the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute. J Oncol Pract 2017;13:e259–265.

• PubMed
Goodman LM, Estfan B, Montero A, Improving the management of patients with low-risk neutropenic fever at the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute. J Oncol Pract 2017;13:e259–265.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Arcadipane F, Silvetti P, Olivero F, et al. Bone marrow-sparing IMRT in anal cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemo-radiation: results of the first phase of a prospective phase II trial. Cancers (Basel) 2020;12:3306.

• PubMed
Arcadipane F, Silvetti P, Olivero F, Bone marrow-sparing IMRT in anal cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemo-radiation: results of the first phase of a prospective phase II trial. Cancers (Basel) 2020;12:3306.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Filippi AR, Franco P, Ricardi U. Is clinical radiosensitivity a complex genetically controlled event? Tumori 2006;92:87–91.

• PubMed
Filippi AR, Franco P, Ricardi U. Is clinical radiosensitivity a complex genetically controlled event? Tumori 2006;92:87–91.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Bazan JG, Luxton G, Mok EC, et al. Normal tissue complication probability modeling of acute hematologic toxicity in patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;84:700–706.

• PubMed
Bazan JG, Luxton G, Mok EC, Normal tissue complication probability modeling of acute hematologic toxicity in patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;84:700–706.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Cheng JCH, Bazan JG, Wu JK, et al. Lumbosacral spine and marrow cavity modeling of acute hematologic toxicity in patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. Pract Radiat Oncol 2014;4:198–206.

• PubMed
Cheng JCH, Bazan JG, Wu JK, Lumbosacral spine and marrow cavity modeling of acute hematologic toxicity in patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. Pract Radiat Oncol 2014;4:198–206.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Smith TJ, Bohlke K, Lyman GH, et al. Recommendations for the use of WBC growth factors: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:3199–3212.

• PubMed
Smith TJ, Bohlke K, Lyman GH, Recommendations for the use of WBC growth factors: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:3199–3212.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Ryan DP, Willett CG. Mitomycin and capecitabine with concurrent radiation therapy for locally advanced anal carcinoma. Accessed November 10, 2022. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-anal-cancer

• PubMed
Ryan DP, Willett CG. Mitomycin and capecitabine with concurrent radiation therapy for locally advanced anal carcinoma. Accessed November 10, 2022. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-anal-cancer)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Ajani JA, Winter KA, Gunderson LL, et al. Fluorouracil, mitomycin, and radiotherapy vs fluorouracil, cisplatin, and radiotherapy for carcinoma of the anal canal: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008;299:1914–1921.

• PubMed
Ajani JA, Winter KA, Gunderson LL, Fluorouracil, mitomycin, and radiotherapy vs fluorouracil, cisplatin, and radiotherapy for carcinoma of the anal canal: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008;299:1914–1921.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Elson JK, Kachnic LA, Kharofa JR. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy improves survival and reduces treatment time in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus: a National Cancer Data Base study. Cancer 2018;124:4383–4392.

• PubMed
Elson JK, Kachnic LA, Kharofa JR. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy improves survival and reduces treatment time in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus: a National Cancer Data Base study. Cancer 2018;124:4383–4392.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Kachnic LA, Winter KA, Myerson RJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of NRG Oncology/RTOG 0529: a phase 2 evaluation of dose-painted intensity modulated radiation therapy in combination with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-c for the reduction of acute morbidity in anal canal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022;112:146–157.

• PubMed
Kachnic LA, Winter KA, Myerson RJ, Long-term outcomes of NRG Oncology/RTOG 0529: a phase 2 evaluation of dose-painted intensity modulated radiation therapy in combination with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-c for the reduction of acute morbidity in anal canal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022;112:146–157.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

McQuestion M. Evidence-based skin care management in radiation therapy. Semin Oncol Nurs 2006;22:163–173.

• PubMed
McQuestion M. Evidence-based skin care management in radiation therapy. Semin Oncol Nurs 2006;22:163–173.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Kugener A, Baumann P. [Anorectal and perineal pain]. Ther Umsch 2021;78:533–539 [in German].

• PubMed
Kugener A, Baumann P. [Anorectal and perineal pain]. Ther Umsch 2021;78:533–539 [in German].)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Hemati S, Asnaashari O, Sarvizadeh M, et al. Topical silver sulfadiazine for the prevention of acute dermatitis during irradiation for breast cancer. Support Care Cancer 2012;20:1613–1618.

• PubMed
Hemati S, Asnaashari O, Sarvizadeh M, Topical silver sulfadiazine for the prevention of acute dermatitis during irradiation for breast cancer. Support Care Cancer 2012;20:1613–1618.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

ScienceDirect. Radiation dermatitis. Accessed April 22, 2023. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/radiation-dermatitis

• PubMed
ScienceDirect. Radiation dermatitis. Accessed April 22, 2023. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/radiation-dermatitis)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Suresh R, Raffi J, Yuen F, et al. Treatment of moist desquamation for patients undergoing radiotherapy. Int J Womens Dermatol 2019;5:124–125.

• PubMed
Suresh R, Raffi J, Yuen F, Treatment of moist desquamation for patients undergoing radiotherapy. Int J Womens Dermatol 2019;5:124–125.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Iacovelli NA, Torrente Y, Ciuffreda A, et al. Topical treatment of radiation-induced dermatitis: current issues and potential solutions. Drugs Context 2020;9:2020-4-7.

• PubMed
Iacovelli NA, Torrente Y, Ciuffreda A, Topical treatment of radiation-induced dermatitis: current issues and potential solutions. Drugs Context 2020;9:2020-4-7.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Kouzy R, Abi Jaoude J, Lin D, et al. Patient-reported GI outcomes in patients with anal cancer receiving modern chemoradiation. JCO Oncol Pract 2020;16:e1524–1531.

• PubMed
Kouzy R, Abi Jaoude J, Lin D, Patient-reported GI outcomes in patients with anal cancer receiving modern chemoradiation. JCO Oncol Pract 2020;16:e1524–1531.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

DeFoe SG, Kabolizadeh P, Heron DE, et al. Dosimetric parameters predictive of acute gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with anal carcinoma treated with concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Oncology 2013;85:1–7.

• PubMed
DeFoe SG, Kabolizadeh P, Heron DE, Dosimetric parameters predictive of acute gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with anal carcinoma treated with concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Oncology 2013;85:1–7.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Olsen JR, Moughan J, Myerson R, et al. Predictors of radiation therapy-related gastrointestinal toxicity from anal cancer dose-painted intensity modulated radiation therapy: secondary analysis of NRG Oncology RTOG 0529. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017;98:400–408.

• PubMed
Olsen JR, Moughan J, Myerson R, Predictors of radiation therapy-related gastrointestinal toxicity from anal cancer dose-painted intensity modulated radiation therapy: secondary analysis of NRG Oncology RTOG 0529. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017;98:400–408.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Andreyev J. Gastrointestinal symptoms after pelvic radiotherapy: a new understanding to improve management of symptomatic patients. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:1007–1017.

• PubMed
Andreyev J. Gastrointestinal symptoms after pelvic radiotherapy: a new understanding to improve management of symptomatic patients. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:1007–1017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Cleveland Clinic. Tenesmus. Accessed April 21, 2023. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/24107-tenesmus

• PubMed
Cleveland Clinic. Tenesmus. Accessed April 21, 2023. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/24107-tenesmus)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Kronborg CJS, Christensen P, Pedersen BG, et al. Anorectal function and radiation dose to pelvic floor muscles after primary treatment for anal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2021;157:141–146.

• PubMed
Kronborg CJS, Christensen P, Pedersen BG, Anorectal function and radiation dose to pelvic floor muscles after primary treatment for anal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2021;157:141–146.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Dohm A, Sanchez J, Stotsky-Himelfarb E, et al. Strategies to minimize late effects from pelvic radiotherapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021;41:158–168.

• PubMed
Dohm A, Sanchez J, Stotsky-Himelfarb E, Strategies to minimize late effects from pelvic radiotherapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021;41:158–168.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mueller K, Karimuddin AA, Metcalf C, et al. Management of malignant rectal pain and tenesmus: a systematic review. J Palliat Med 2020;23:964–971.

• PubMed
Mueller K, Karimuddin AA, Metcalf C, Management of malignant rectal pain and tenesmus: a systematic review. J Palliat Med 2020;23:964–971.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Fuccio L, Guido A, Andreyev HJ. Management of intestinal complications in patients with pelvic radiation disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;10:1326–1334.e4.

• PubMed
Fuccio L, Guido A, Andreyev HJ. Management of intestinal complications in patients with pelvic radiation disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;10:1326–1334.e4.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Yuan JH, Song LM, Liu Y, et al. The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on pelvic radiation induced gastrointestinal complications (rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and pain): a meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2020;10:390.

• PubMed
Yuan JH, Song LM, Liu Y, The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on pelvic radiation induced gastrointestinal complications (rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and pain): a meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2020;10:390.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Teo MT, Sebag-Montefiore D, Donnellan CF. Prevention and management of radiation-induced late gastrointestinal toxicity. Clin Oncol 2015;27:656–667.

• PubMed
Teo MT, Sebag-Montefiore D, Donnellan CF. Prevention and management of radiation-induced late gastrointestinal toxicity. Clin Oncol 2015;27:656–667.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Saif MW, Syrigos K, Mehra R, et al. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency (DPD) in GI malignancies: experience of 4-years. Pak J Med Sci 2007;23:832–839.

• PubMed
Saif MW, Syrigos K, Mehra R, Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency (DPD) in GI malignancies: experience of 4-years. Pak J Med Sci 2007;23:832–839.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Ghareeb A, Paramasevon K, Mokool P, et al. Toxicity and survival of anal cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2019;101:168–175.

• PubMed
Ghareeb A, Paramasevon K, Mokool P, Toxicity and survival of anal cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2019;101:168–175.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Berkey FJ. Managing the adverse effects of radiation therapy. Am Fam Physician 2010;82:381–388; 394.

• PubMed
Berkey FJ. Managing the adverse effects of radiation therapy. Am Fam Physician 2010;82:381–388; 394.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Sodergren SC, Vassiliou V, Dennis K, et al. Systematic review of the quality of life issues associated with anal cancer and its treatment with radiochemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2015;23:3613–3623.

• PubMed
Sodergren SC, Vassiliou V, Dennis K, Systematic review of the quality of life issues associated with anal cancer and its treatment with radiochemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2015;23:3613–3623.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mirabeau-Beale K, Hong TS, Niemierko A, et al. Clinical and treatment factors associated with vaginal stenosis after definitive chemoradiation for anal canal cancer. Pract Radiat Oncol 2015;5:e113–118.

• PubMed
Mirabeau-Beale K, Hong TS, Niemierko A, Clinical and treatment factors associated with vaginal stenosis after definitive chemoradiation for anal canal cancer. Pract Radiat Oncol 2015;5:e113–118.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Son CH, Law E, Oh JH, et al. Dosimetric predictors of radiation-induced vaginal stenosis after pelvic radiation therapy for rectal and anal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015;92:548–554.

• PubMed
Son CH, Law E, Oh JH, Dosimetric predictors of radiation-induced vaginal stenosis after pelvic radiation therapy for rectal and anal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015;92:548–554.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Morris L, Do V, Chard J, et al. Radiation-induced vaginal stenosis: current perspectives. Int J Womens Health 2017;9:273–279.

• PubMed
Morris L, Do V, Chard J, Radiation-induced vaginal stenosis: current perspectives. Int J Womens Health 2017;9:273–279.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Shridhar R, Shibata D, Chan E, et al. Anal cancer: current standards in care and recent changes in practice. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:139–162.

• PubMed
Shridhar R, Shibata D, Chan E, Anal cancer: current standards in care and recent changes in practice. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:139–162.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Higham CE, Faithfull S. Bone health and pelvic radiotherapy. Clin Oncol 2015;27:668–678.

• PubMed
Higham CE, Faithfull S. Bone health and pelvic radiotherapy. Clin Oncol 2015;27:668–678.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Razavian N, Laucis A, Sun Y, et al. Radiation-induced insufficiency fractures after pelvic irradiation for gynecologic malignancies: a systematic review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020;108:620–634.

• PubMed
Razavian N, Laucis A, Sun Y, Radiation-induced insufficiency fractures after pelvic irradiation for gynecologic malignancies: a systematic review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020;108:620–634.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Kim HJ, Boland PJ. Meredith DS, et al. Fractures of the sacrum after chemoradiation for rectal carcinoma: incidence, risk factors, and radiographic evaluation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;84:694–699.

• PubMed
Kim HJ, Boland PJ. Meredith DS, Fractures of the sacrum after chemoradiation for rectal carcinoma: incidence, risk factors, and radiographic evaluation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;84:694–699.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Wright JD, Deutsch I, Wilde ET, et al. Uptake and outcomes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for uterine cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013;130:43–48.

• PubMed
Wright JD, Deutsch I, Wilde ET, Uptake and outcomes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for uterine cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013;130:43–48.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Bazire L, Xu H, Foy JP, et al. Pelvic insufficiency fracture (PIF) incidence in patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for gynaecological or anal cancer: single- institution experience and review of the literature. Br J Radiol 2017;90:20160885.

• PubMed
Bazire L, Xu H, Foy JP, Pelvic insufficiency fracture (PIF) incidence in patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for gynaecological or anal cancer: single- institution experience and review of the literature. Br J Radiol 2017;90:20160885.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Ramlov A, Pedersen EM, Røhl L, et al. Risk factors for pelvic insufficiency fractures in locally advanced cervical cancer following intensity modulated radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017;97:1032–1039.

• PubMed
Ramlov A, Pedersen EM, Røhl L, Risk factors for pelvic insufficiency fractures in locally advanced cervical cancer following intensity modulated radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017;97:1032–1039.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Tai P, Hammond A, Dyk JV, et al. Pelvic fractures following irradiation of endometrial and vaginal cancers-a case series and review of literature. Radiother Oncol 2000;56:23–28.

• PubMed
Tai P, Hammond A, Dyk JV, Pelvic fractures following irradiation of endometrial and vaginal cancers-a case series and review of literature. Radiother Oncol 2000;56:23–28.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z, et al. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 2003;290:1729–1738.

• PubMed
Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z, Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 2003;290:1729–1738.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

van den Blink QU, Garcez K, et al. Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of insufficiency fractures and avascular necrosis associated with pelvic radiotherapy in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;4:CD010604.

• PubMed
van den Blink QU, Garcez K, Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of insufficiency fractures and avascular necrosis associated with pelvic radiotherapy in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;4:CD010604.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation