Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and are now omnipresent. However, immune-related adverse events can present with varying phenotypes and timing, which can pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for the treating oncologist as well as subspecialty consultants. Biopsies of affected organs may provide insight into biologic mechanisms as well as potentially guide management in certain circumstances.
Submitted December 20, 2021; accepted for publication February 23, 2022.
Disclosures: Dr. Fecher has disclosed participating in research for and serving as a principal investigator for Bristol-Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Array, Pfizer, and Kartos; and serving as a consultant for Elsevier. The remaining authors have disclosed that they have no financial interests, arrangements, affiliations, or commercial interests with the manufacturers of any products discussed in this article or their competitors.