Several new systemic therapy options have become available for patients with metastatic breast cancer, which have led to improvements in survival. In addition to patient and clinical factors, the treatment selection primarily depends on the tumor biology (hormone-receptor status and HER2-status). The NCCN Guidelines specific to the workup and treatment of patients with recurrent/stage IV breast cancer are discussed in this article.
Individual Disclosures for the NCCN Breast Cancer Panel
HortobagyiGN. Multidisciplinary management of advanced primary and metastatic breast cancer. Cancer 1994; 74(1, Suppl)416–423.10.1002/cncr.28207413298004615)| false
BabieraGV, RaoR, FengL, et al.. Effect of primary tumor extirpation in breast cancer patients who present with stage IV disease and an intact primary tumor. Ann Surg Oncol2006;13:776–782.
BabieraGV, RaoR, FengL, . Effect of primary tumor extirpation in breast cancer patients who present with stage IV disease and an intact primary tumor. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:776–782.10.1245/ASO.2006.03.033)| false
KhanSA, StewartAK, MorrowM. Does aggressive local therapy improve survival in metastatic breast cancer?Surgery 2002;132:620–626., discussion 626–627.10.1067/msy.2002.12754412407345)| false
RaoR, FengL, KuererHM, et al.. Timing of surgical intervention for the intact primary in stage IV breast cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol2008;15:1696–1702.
RaoR, FengL, KuererHM, . Timing of surgical intervention for the intact primary in stage IV breast cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2008;15:1696–1702.1835749310.1245/s10434-008-9830-4)| false
RapitiE, VerkooijenHM, VlastosG, et al.. Complete excision of primary breast tumor improves survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis. J Clin Oncol2006;24:2743–2749.
RapitiE, VerkooijenHM, VlastosG, . Complete excision of primary breast tumor improves survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2743–2749.10.1200/JCO.2005.04.222616702580)| false
MorrowM, GoldsteinL. Surgery of the primary tumor in metastatic breast cancer: closing the barn door after the horse has bolted?J Clin Oncol2006;24:2694–2696.
MorrowM, GoldsteinL. Surgery of the primary tumor in metastatic breast cancer: closing the barn door after the horse has bolted?J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2694–2696.10.1200/JCO.2006.05.982416702578)| false
OlsonJA, Jr., MarcomPK. Benefit or bias? The role of surgery to remove the primary tumor in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Ann Surg2008;247:739–740.
OlsonJA, Jr., MarcomPK. Benefit or bias? The role of surgery to remove the primary tumor in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Ann Surg 2008;247:739–740.1843810910.1097/SLA.0b013e3181706140)| false
BadweR, HawaldarR, NairN, et al.. Locoregional treatment versus no treatment of the primary tumour in metastatic breast cancer: an open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol2015;16:1380–1388.
BadweR, HawaldarR, NairN, . Locoregional treatment versus no treatment of the primary tumour in metastatic breast cancer: an open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:1380–1388.10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00135-726363985)| false
KingTA, LymanJP, GonenM, et al.. Prognostic impact of 21-gene recurrence score in patients with stage IV breast cancer: TBCRC 013. J Clin Oncol2016;34:2359–2365.
KingTA, LymanJP, GonenM, . Prognostic impact of 21-gene recurrence score in patients with stage IV breast cancer: TBCRC 013. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:2359–2365.10.1200/JCO.2015.63.196027001590)| false
KingTA, LymanJ, GonenM, et al.. A prospective analysis of surgery and survival in stage IV breast cancer (TBCRC 013). J Clin Oncol2016;34(15_suppl):1006–1006.
KingTA, LymanJ, GonenM, . A prospective analysis of surgery and survival in stage IV breast cancer (TBCRC 013). J Clin Oncol 2016;34(15_suppl):1006–1006.10.1200/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.1006)| false
SoranA, OzmenV, OzbasS, et al.. Randomized trial comparing resection of primary tumor with no surgery in stage IV breast cancer at presentation: protocol MF07-01. Ann Surg Oncol2018;25:3141–3149.
SoranA, OzmenV, OzbasS, . Randomized trial comparing resection of primary tumor with no surgery in stage IV breast cancer at presentation: protocol MF07-01. Ann Surg Oncol 2018;25:3141–3149.10.1245/s10434-018-6494-629777404)| false
HigginsMJ, WolffAC. Therapeutic options in the management of metastatic breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park)2008;22:614–623., discussion 623, 627–629.
HigginsMJ, WolffAC. Therapeutic options in the management of metastatic breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park) 2008;22:614–623., discussion 623, 627–629.18561551)| false
WooS-B, HellsteinJW, KalmarJR. Narrative [corrected] review: bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:753–761.1670259110.7326/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00009)| false
DielIJ, BodyJJ, LichinitserMR, et al.. Improved quality of life after long-term treatment with the bisphosphonate ibandronate in patients with metastatic bone disease due to breast cancer. Eur J Cancer2004;40:1704–1712.
DielIJ, BodyJJ, LichinitserMR, . Improved quality of life after long-term treatment with the bisphosphonate ibandronate in patients with metastatic bone disease due to breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:1704–1712.10.1016/j.ejca.2004.03.02515251160)| false
HortobagyiGN, TheriaultRL, LiptonA, et al.. Long-term prevention of skeletal complications of metastatic breast cancer with pamidronate. Protocol 19 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol1998;16:2038–2044.
HortobagyiGN, TheriaultRL, LiptonA, . Long-term prevention of skeletal complications of metastatic breast cancer with pamidronate. Protocol 19 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:2038–2044.10.1200/JCO.1998.16.6.2038)| false
HortobagyiGN, TheriaultRL, PorterL, et al.. Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal complications in patients with breast cancer and lytic bone metastases. Protocol 19 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. N Engl J Med1996;335:1785–1791.
HortobagyiGN, TheriaultRL, PorterL, . Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal complications in patients with breast cancer and lytic bone metastases. Protocol 19 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1785–1791.10.1056/NEJM199612123352401)| false
LiptonA, TheriaultRL, HortobagyiGN, et al.. Pamidronate prevents skeletal complications and is effective palliative treatment in women with breast carcinoma and osteolytic bone metastases: long term follow-up of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Cancer2000;88:1082–1090.
LiptonA, TheriaultRL, HortobagyiGN, . Pamidronate prevents skeletal complications and is effective palliative treatment in women with breast carcinoma and osteolytic bone metastases: long term follow-up of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Cancer 2000;88:1082–1090.1069989910.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000301)88:5<1082::AID-CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-Z)| false
McLachlanSA, CameronD, MurrayR, et al.. Safety of oral ibandronate in the treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer: long-term follow-up experience. Clin Drug Investig2006;26:43–48.
McLachlanSA, CameronD, MurrayR, . Safety of oral ibandronate in the treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer: long-term follow-up experience. Clin Drug Investig 2006;26:43–48.1716323410.2165/00044011-200626010-00006)| false
PecherstorferM, RivkinS, BodyJ-J, et al.. Long-term safety of intravenous ibandronic acid for up to 4 years in metastatic breast cancer: an open-label trial. Clin Drug Investig2006;26:315–322.
PecherstorferM, RivkinS, BodyJ-J, . Long-term safety of intravenous ibandronic acid for up to 4 years in metastatic breast cancer: an open-label trial. Clin Drug Investig 2006;26:315–322.10.2165/00044011-200626060-0000217163265)| false
RosenLS, GordonDH, DuganWJr, et al.. Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate for the treatment of bone metastases in breast carcinoma patients with at least one osteolytic lesion. Cancer2004;100:36–43.
RosenLS, GordonDH, DuganWJr, . Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate for the treatment of bone metastases in breast carcinoma patients with at least one osteolytic lesion. Cancer 2004;100:36–43.10.1002/cncr.1189214692022)| false
TheriaultRL, LiptonA, HortobagyiGN, et al.. Pamidronate reduces skeletal morbidity in women with advanced breast cancer and lytic bone lesions: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Protocol 18 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol1999;17:846–854.
TheriaultRL, LiptonA, HortobagyiGN, . Pamidronate reduces skeletal morbidity in women with advanced breast cancer and lytic bone lesions: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Protocol 18 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:846–854.10.1200/JCO.1999.17.3.846)| false
AmadoriD, AgliettaM, AlessiB, et al.. Efficacy and safety of 12-weekly versus 4-weekly zoledronic acid for prolonged treatment of patients with bone metastases from breast cancer (ZOOM): a phase 3, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol2013;14:663–670.
AmadoriD, AgliettaM, AlessiB, . Efficacy and safety of 12-weekly versus 4-weekly zoledronic acid for prolonged treatment of patients with bone metastases from breast cancer (ZOOM): a phase 3, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:663–670.10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70174-823684411)| false
HimelsteinAL, FosterJC, KhatcheressianJL, et al.. Effect of longer-interval vs standard dosing of zoledronic acid on skeletal events in patients with bone metastases: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA2017;317:48–58.
HimelsteinAL, FosterJC, KhatcheressianJL, . Effect of longer-interval vs standard dosing of zoledronic acid on skeletal events in patients with bone metastases: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2017;317:48–58.2803070210.1001/jama.2016.19425)| false
HortobagyiGN, Van PoznakC, HarkerWG, et al.. Continued treatment effect of zoledronic acid dosing every 12 vs 4 weeks in women with breast cancer metastatic to bone: the OPTIMIZE-2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol2017;3:906–912.
HortobagyiGN, Van PoznakC, HarkerWG, . Continued treatment effect of zoledronic acid dosing every 12 vs 4 weeks in women with breast cancer metastatic to bone: the OPTIMIZE-2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol 2017;3:906–912.10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.631628125763)| false
HortobagyiGN, LiptonA, ChewHK, et al.. Efficacy and safety of continued zoledronic acid every 4 weeks versus every 12 weeks in women with bone metastases from breast cancer: Results of the OPTIMIZE-2 trial. ASCO Meeting Abstracts 2014;32:LBA9500.
HortobagyiGN, LiptonA, ChewHK, . Efficacy and safety of continued zoledronic acid every 4 weeks versus every 12 weeks in women with bone metastases from breast cancer: Results of the OPTIMIZE-2 trial. ASCO Meeting Abstracts 2014;32:LBA9500.10.1200/jco.2014.32.18_suppl.lba9500)| false
RosenLS, GordonD, KaminskiM, et al.. Long-term efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid compared with pamidronate disodium in the treatment of skeletal complications in patients with advanced multiple myeloma or breast carcinoma: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, comparative trial. Cancer2003;98:1735–1744.
RosenLS, GordonD, KaminskiM, . Long-term efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid compared with pamidronate disodium in the treatment of skeletal complications in patients with advanced multiple myeloma or breast carcinoma: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, comparative trial. Cancer 2003;98:1735–1744.10.1002/cncr.1170114534891)| false
StopeckAT, LiptonA, BodyJJ, et al.. Denosumab compared with zoledronic acid for the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced breast cancer: a randomized, double-blind study. J Clin Oncol2010;28:5132–5139.
StopeckAT, LiptonA, BodyJJ, . Denosumab compared with zoledronic acid for the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced breast cancer: a randomized, double-blind study. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:5132–5139.10.1200/JCO.2010.29.710121060033)| false
HortobagyiGN, StemmerSM, BurrisHA, et al.. Updated results from MONALEESA-2, a phase III trial of first-line ribociclib plus letrozole versus placebo plus letrozole in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol2018;29:1541–1547.
HortobagyiGN, StemmerSM, BurrisHA, . Updated results from MONALEESA-2, a phase III trial of first-line ribociclib plus letrozole versus placebo plus letrozole in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2018;29:1541–1547.10.1093/annonc/mdy15529718092)| false
TripathyD, ImSA, ColleoniM, et al.. Ribociclib plus endocrine therapy for premenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive, advanced breast cancer (MONALEESA-7): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol2018;19:904–915.
TripathyD, ImSA, ColleoniM, . Ribociclib plus endocrine therapy for premenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive, advanced breast cancer (MONALEESA-7): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2018;19:904–915.10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30292-429804902)| false
ImSA, LuYS, BardiaA, . Overall survival with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2019;381:307–316.10.1056/NEJMoa190376531166679)| false
RobertsonJF, Llombart-CussacA, RolskiJ, et al.. Activity of fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole 1 mg as first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer: results from the FIRST study. J Clin Oncol2009;27:4530–4535.
RobertsonJF, Llombart-CussacA, RolskiJ, . Activity of fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole 1 mg as first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer: results from the FIRST study. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4530–4535.1970406610.1200/JCO.2008.21.1136)| false
RobertsonJF, LindemannJP, Llombart-CussacA, et al.. Fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole 1 mg for the first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer: follow-up analysis from the randomized ‘FIRST’ study. Breast Cancer Res Treat2012;136:503–511.
RobertsonJF, LindemannJP, Llombart-CussacA, . Fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole 1 mg for the first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer: follow-up analysis from the randomized ‘FIRST’ study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012;136:503–511.2306500010.1007/s10549-012-2192-4)| false
EllisMJ, Llombart-CussacA, FeltlD, et al.. Fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole 1 mg for the first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer: Overall survival analysis from the phase II FIRST study. J Clin Oncol2015;33:3781–3787.
EllisMJ, Llombart-CussacA, FeltlD, . Fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole 1 mg for the first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer: Overall survival analysis from the phase II FIRST study. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:3781–3787.10.1200/JCO.2015.61.583126371134)| false
Di LeoA, JerusalemG, PetruzelkaL, et al.. Results of the CONFIRM phase III trial comparing fulvestrant 250 mg with fulvestrant 500 mg in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2010;28:4594–4600.
Di LeoA, JerusalemG, PetruzelkaL, . Results of the CONFIRM phase III trial comparing fulvestrant 250 mg with fulvestrant 500 mg in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:4594–4600.10.1200/JCO.2010.28.8415)| false
Di LeoA, JerusalemG, PetruzelkaL, et al.. Final overall survival: fulvestrant 500 mg vs 250 mg in the randomized CONFIRM trial. J Natl Cancer Inst2014;106:djt337.
Di LeoA, JerusalemG, PetruzelkaL, . Final overall survival: fulvestrant 500 mg vs 250 mg in the randomized CONFIRM trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014;106:djt337.10.1093/jnci/djt337)| false
RobertsonJFR, BondarenkoIM, TrishkinaE, et al.. Fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole 1 mg for hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer (FALCON): an international, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet2016;388:2997–3005.
SlamonDJ, NevenP, ChiaS, et al.. Phase III randomized study of ribociclib and fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer: MONALEESA-3. J Clin Oncol2018;36:2465–2472.
SlamonDJ, NevenP, ChiaS, . Phase III randomized study of ribociclib and fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer: MONALEESA-3. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:2465–2472.10.1200/JCO.2018.78.990929860922)| false
SlamonDJ, NevenP, ChiaS, . Overall survival with ribociclib plus fulvestrant in advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2020;382:514–524.3182636010.1056/NEJMoa1911149)| false
BerghJ, JönssonPE, LidbrinkEK, et al.. FACT: an open-label randomized phase III study of fulvestrant and anastrozole in combination compared with anastrozole alone as first-line therapy for patients with receptor-positive postmenopausal breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2012;30:1919–1925.
BerghJ, JönssonPE, LidbrinkEK, . FACT: an open-label randomized phase III study of fulvestrant and anastrozole in combination compared with anastrozole alone as first-line therapy for patients with receptor-positive postmenopausal breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:1919–1925.10.1200/JCO.2011.38.109522370325)| false
JohnstonSR, KilburnLS, EllisP, et al.. Fulvestrant plus anastrozole or placebo versus exemestane alone after progression on non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal patients with hormone-receptor-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (SoFEA): a composite, multicentre, phase 3 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol2013;14:989–998.
JohnstonSR, KilburnLS, EllisP, . Fulvestrant plus anastrozole or placebo versus exemestane alone after progression on non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal patients with hormone-receptor-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (SoFEA): a composite, multicentre, phase 3 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:989–998.23902874)| false
MehtaRS, BarlowWE, AlbainKS, . Combination anastrozole and fulvestrant in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;367:435–444.10.1056/NEJMoa120162222853014)| false
MehtaRS, BarlowWE, AlbainKS, . Overall survival with fulvestrant plus anastrozole in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1226–1234.10.1056/NEJMoa181171430917258)| false
BuzdarA, DoumaJ, DavidsonN, et al.. Phase III, multicenter, double-blind, randomized study of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, for advanced breast cancer versus megestrol acetate. J Clin Oncol2001;19:3357–3366.
BuzdarA, DoumaJ, DavidsonN, . Phase III, multicenter, double-blind, randomized study of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, for advanced breast cancer versus megestrol acetate. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3357–3366.10.1200/JCO.2001.19.14.335711454883)| false
BuzdarAU, JonatW, HowellA, et al.. Anastrozole versus megestrol acetate in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma: results of a survival update based on a combined analysis of data from two mature phase III trials. Cancer1998;83:1142–1152.
BuzdarAU, JonatW, HowellA, . Anastrozole versus megestrol acetate in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma: results of a survival update based on a combined analysis of data from two mature phase III trials. Cancer 1998;83:1142–1152.10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980915)83:6<1142::AID-CNCR13>3.0.CO;2-59740079)| false
CamposSM, GuastallaJP, SubarM, et al.. A comparative study of exemestane versus anastrozole in patients with postmenopausal breast cancer with visceral metastases. Clin Breast Cancer2009;9:39–44.
CamposSM, GuastallaJP, SubarM, . A comparative study of exemestane versus anastrozole in patients with postmenopausal breast cancer with visceral metastases. Clin Breast Cancer 2009;9:39–44.10.3816/CBC.2009.n.00719299239)| false
SunderlandMC, OsborneCK. Tamoxifen in premenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer: a review. J Clin Oncol 1991;9:1283–1297.10.1200/JCO.1991.9.7.12832045868)| false
BonneterreJ, ThürlimannB, RobertsonJF, et al.. Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in 668 postmenopausal women: results of the Tamoxifen or Arimidex Randomized Group Efficacy and Tolerability study. J Clin Oncol2000;18:3748–3757.
BonneterreJ, ThürlimannB, RobertsonJF, . Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in 668 postmenopausal women: results of the Tamoxifen or Arimidex Randomized Group Efficacy and Tolerability study. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:3748–3757.1107848710.1200/JCO.2000.18.22.3748)| false
NabholtzJM, BuzdarA, PollakM, et al..Arimidex Study Group. Anastrozole is superior to tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: results of a North American multicenter randomized trial. J Clin Oncol2000;18:3758–3767.
NabholtzJM, BuzdarA, PollakM, .Arimidex Study Group. Anastrozole is superior to tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: results of a North American multicenter randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:3758–3767.1107848810.1200/JCO.2000.18.22.3758)| false
ParidaensRJ, DirixLY, BeexLV, et al.. Phase III study comparing exemestane with tamoxifen as first-line hormonal treatment of metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women: the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol2008;26:4883–4890.
ParidaensRJ, DirixLY, BeexLV, . Phase III study comparing exemestane with tamoxifen as first-line hormonal treatment of metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women: the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:4883–4890.1879455110.1200/JCO.2007.14.4659)| false
VergoteI, BonneterreJ, ThürlimannB, et al.. Randomised study of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Eur J Cancer2000;36(Suppl 4):S84–S85.
VergoteI, BonneterreJ, ThürlimannB, . Randomised study of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Eur J Cancer 2000;36(Suppl 4):S84–S85.10.1016/S0959-8049(00)00239-211056332)| false
MauriD, PavlidisN, PolyzosNP, et al.. Survival with aromatase inhibitors and inactivators versus standard hormonal therapy in advanced breast cancer: meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst2006;98:1285–1291.
MauriD, PavlidisN, PolyzosNP, . Survival with aromatase inhibitors and inactivators versus standard hormonal therapy in advanced breast cancer: meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98:1285–1291.10.1093/jnci/djj35716985247)| false
TurnerNC, RoJ, AndréF, . Palbociclib in hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2015;373:209–219.2603051810.1056/NEJMoa1505270)| false
CristofanilliM, TurnerNC, BondarenkoI, et al.. Fulvestrant plus palbociclib versus fulvestrant plus placebo for treatment of hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer that progressed on previous endocrine therapy (PALOMA-3): final analysis of the multicentre, double-blind, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol2016;17:425–439.
CristofanilliM, TurnerNC, BondarenkoI, . Fulvestrant plus palbociclib versus fulvestrant plus placebo for treatment of hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer that progressed on previous endocrine therapy (PALOMA-3): final analysis of the multicentre, double-blind, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2016;17:425–439.26947331)| false
SledgeGW, Jr., ToiM, NevenP, et al.. MONARCH 2: abemaciclib in combination with fulvestrant in women with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer who had progressed while receiving endocrine therapy. J Clin Oncol2017;35:2875–2884.
SledgeGW, Jr., ToiM, NevenP, . MONARCH 2: abemaciclib in combination with fulvestrant in women with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer who had progressed while receiving endocrine therapy. J Clin Oncol 2017;35:2875–2884.2858088210.1200/JCO.2017.73.7585)| false
SledgeGW, Jr., ToiM, NevenP, et al.. The effect of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant on overall survival in hormone receptor-positive, ERBB2-negative breast cancer that progressed on endocrine therapy-MONARCH 2: a randomized clinical trial[published online September 29, 2019]. JAMA Oncol, doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.4782
SledgeGW, Jr., ToiM, NevenP, . The effect of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant on overall survival in hormone receptor-positive, ERBB2-negative breast cancer that progressed on endocrine therapy-MONARCH 2: a randomized clinical trial[published online September 29, 2019]. JAMA Oncol, doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.478231563959)| false
HowellA, RobertsonJFR, Quaresma AlbanoJ, et al.. Fulvestrant, formerly ICI 182,780, is as effective as anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing after prior endocrine treatment. J Clin Oncol2002;20:3396–3403.
HowellA, RobertsonJFR, Quaresma AlbanoJ, . Fulvestrant, formerly ICI 182,780, is as effective as anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing after prior endocrine treatment. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3396–3403.10.1200/JCO.2002.10.05712177099)| false
OsborneCK, PippenJ, JonesSE, et al.. Double-blind, randomized trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant versus anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing on prior endocrine therapy: results of a North American trial. J Clin Oncol2002;20:3386–3395.
OsborneCK, PippenJ, JonesSE, . Double-blind, randomized trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant versus anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing on prior endocrine therapy: results of a North American trial. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3386–3395.1217709810.1200/JCO.2002.10.058)| false
IngleJN, SumanVJ, RowlandKM, et al.. Fulvestrant in women with advanced breast cancer after progression on prior aromatase inhibitor therapy: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial N0032. J Clin Oncol2006;24:1052–1056.
IngleJN, SumanVJ, RowlandKM, . Fulvestrant in women with advanced breast cancer after progression on prior aromatase inhibitor therapy: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial N0032. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:1052–1056.10.1200/JCO.2005.04.105316505423)| false
ChiaS, GradisharW, MauriacL, et al.. Double-blind, randomized placebo controlled trial of fulvestrant compared with exemestane after prior nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, advanced breast cancer: results from EFECT. J Clin Oncol2008;26:1664–1670.
ChiaS, GradisharW, MauriacL, . Double-blind, randomized placebo controlled trial of fulvestrant compared with exemestane after prior nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, advanced breast cancer: results from EFECT. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1664–1670.1831679410.1200/JCO.2007.13.5822)| false
AndréF, CiruelosE, RubovszkyG, et al..SOLAR-1 Study Group. Alpelisib for PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med2019;380:1929–1940.
AndréF, CiruelosE, RubovszkyG, .SOLAR-1 Study Group. Alpelisib for PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1929–1940.3109137410.1056/NEJMoa1813904)| false
BachelotT, BourgierC, CropetC, et al.. TAMRAD: a GINECO randomized phase II trial of everolimus in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone in patients (pts) with hormone-receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with prior exposure to aromatase inhibitors (AI) [abstract]. Cancer Res2010;70(24 Supplement):Abstract:S1–6
BachelotT, BourgierC, CropetC, . TAMRAD: a GINECO randomized phase II trial of everolimus in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone in patients (pts) with hormone-receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with prior exposure to aromatase inhibitors (AI) [abstract]. Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Supplement):Abstract:S1–6)| false
ChowL, SunY, JassemJ, et al.. Phase 3 study of temsirolimus with letrozole or letrozole alone in postmenopausal women with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat2006;100(Suppl 1):6091.
ChowL, SunY, JassemJ, . Phase 3 study of temsirolimus with letrozole or letrozole alone in postmenopausal women with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006;100(Suppl 1):6091.)| false
YardleyDA, NoguchiS, PritchardKI, et al.. Everolimus plus exemestane in postmenopausal patients with HR(+) breast cancer: BOLERO-2 final progression-free survival analysis. Adv Ther2013;30:870–884.
YardleyDA, NoguchiS, PritchardKI, . Everolimus plus exemestane in postmenopausal patients with HR(+) breast cancer: BOLERO-2 final progression-free survival analysis. Adv Ther 2013;30:870–884.10.1007/s12325-013-0060-124158787)| false
BaselgaJ, CamponeM, PiccartM, . Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;366:520–529.10.1056/NEJMoa110965322149876)| false
PritchardKI, BurrisHA, 3rd, ItoY, et al.. Safety and efficacy of everolimus with exemestane vs exemestane alone in elderly patients with HER2-negative, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in BOLERO-2. Clin Breast Cancer2013;13:421–432 e8.
PritchardKI, BurrisHA, 3rd, ItoY, . Safety and efficacy of everolimus with exemestane vs exemestane alone in elderly patients with HER2-negative, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in BOLERO-2. Clin Breast Cancer 2013;13:421–432 e8.10.1016/j.clbc.2013.08.01124267730)| false
DixonJM, RenshawL, LangridgeC, et al.. Anastrozole and letrozole: an investigation and comparison of quality of life and tolerability. Breast Cancer Res Treat2011;125:741–749.
DixonJM, RenshawL, LangridgeC, . Anastrozole and letrozole: an investigation and comparison of quality of life and tolerability. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011;125:741–749.10.1007/s10549-010-1091-920821047)| false
RoseC, VtorayaO, PluzanskaA, et al.. An open randomised trial of second-line endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer. comparison of the aromatase inhibitors letrozole and anastrozole. Eur J Cancer2003;39:2318–2327.
RoseC, VtorayaO, PluzanskaA, . An open randomised trial of second-line endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer. comparison of the aromatase inhibitors letrozole and anastrozole. Eur J Cancer 2003;39:2318–2327.1455692310.1016/S0959-8049(03)00630-0)| false
ThürlimannB, RobertsonJF, NabholtzJM, et al.. Efficacy of tamoxifen following anastrozole (‘Arimidex’) compared with anastrozole following tamoxifen as first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Eur J Cancer2003;39:2310–2317.
ThürlimannB, RobertsonJF, NabholtzJM, . Efficacy of tamoxifen following anastrozole (‘Arimidex’) compared with anastrozole following tamoxifen as first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Eur J Cancer 2003;39:2310–2317.10.1016/S0959-8049(03)00602-614556922)| false
AbramsJ, AisnerJ, CirrincioneC, et al.. Dose-response trial of megestrol acetate in advanced breast cancer: cancer and leukemia group B phase III study 8741. J Clin Oncol1999;17:64–73.
AbramsJ, AisnerJ, CirrincioneC, . Dose-response trial of megestrol acetate in advanced breast cancer: cancer and leukemia group B phase III study 8741. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:64–73.10.1200/JCO.1999.17.1.64)| false
WillemsePH, van der PloegE, SleijferDT, et al.. A randomized comparison of megestrol acetate (MA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in patients with advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer1990;26:337–343.
WillemsePH, van der PloegE, SleijferDT, . A randomized comparison of megestrol acetate (MA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in patients with advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 1990;26:337–343.10.1016/0277-5379(90)90231-H)| false
BuzdarA, JonatW, HowellA, et al.. Anastrozole, a potent and selective aromatase inhibitor, versus megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of overview analysis of two phase III trials. J Clin Oncol1996;14:2000–2011.
BuzdarA, JonatW, HowellA, . Anastrozole, a potent and selective aromatase inhibitor, versus megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of overview analysis of two phase III trials. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:2000–2011.868323010.1200/JCO.1996.14.7.2000)| false
EllisMJ, GaoF, DehdashtiF, et al.. Lower-dose vs high-dose oral estradiol therapy of hormone receptor-positive, aromatase inhibitor-resistant advanced breast cancer: a phase 2 randomized study. JAMA2009;302:774–780.
DicklerMN, TolaneySM, RugoHS, et al.. MONARCH 1, a phase II study of abemaciclib, a CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor, as a single agent, in patients with refractory HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res2017;23:5218–5224.
DicklerMN, TolaneySM, RugoHS, . MONARCH 1, a phase II study of abemaciclib, a CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor, as a single agent, in patients with refractory HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017;23:5218–5224.2853322310.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0754)| false
BaselgaJ, CortésJ, KimSB, . Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel for metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;366:109–119.10.1056/NEJMoa111321622149875)| false
SwainS, KimS-B, CortesJ, et al.. Confirmatory overall survival (OS) analysis of CLEOPATRA: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III study with pertuzumab (P), trastuzumab (T), and docetaxel (D) in patients (pts) with HER2-positive first-line (1L) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) [abstract]. Cancer Res2012;72(Suppl):P5-18-26.
SwainS, KimS-B, CortesJ, . Confirmatory overall survival (OS) analysis of CLEOPATRA: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III study with pertuzumab (P), trastuzumab (T), and docetaxel (D) in patients (pts) with HER2-positive first-line (1L) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) [abstract]. Cancer Res 2012;72(Suppl):P5-18-26.)| false
EwerM, BaselgaJ, ClarkE, et al.. Cardiac tolerability of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer in the CLEOPATRA study [abstract]. J Clin Oncol2012;30(Suppl):Abstract 533.
EwerM, BaselgaJ, ClarkE, . Cardiac tolerability of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer in the CLEOPATRA study [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(Suppl):Abstract 533.10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.533)| false
CortésJ, BaselgaJ, ImY, et al.. Quality of life assessment in CLEOPATRA, a phase III study combining pertuzumab with trastuzumab and docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. J Clin Oncol2012;30(Suppl):Abstract 598.
CortésJ, BaselgaJ, ImY, . Quality of life assessment in CLEOPATRA, a phase III study combining pertuzumab with trastuzumab and docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(Suppl):Abstract 598.10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.598)| false
BachelotT, CiruelosE, SchneeweissA, et al..PERUSE investigators. Preliminary safety and efficacy of first-line pertuzumab combined with trastuzumab and taxane therapy for HER2-positive locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (PERUSE). Ann Oncol2019;30:766–773.
BachelotT, CiruelosE, SchneeweissA, .PERUSE investigators. Preliminary safety and efficacy of first-line pertuzumab combined with trastuzumab and taxane therapy for HER2-positive locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (PERUSE). Ann Oncol 2019;30:766–773.3079682110.1093/annonc/mdz061)| false
DatkoF, D'AndreaG, DicklerM, et al.. Phase II study of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and weekly paclitaxel in patients with metastatic HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. Cancer Res2012;72(Suppl):Abstract P5-18-20.
DatkoF, D'AndreaG, DicklerM, . Phase II study of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and weekly paclitaxel in patients with metastatic HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. Cancer Res 2012;72(Suppl):Abstract P5-18-20.)| false
Paclitaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab in the treatment of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer (Clinical Trial ID: NCT01276041). Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01276041. Accessed March 9, 2020.
83.
PerezE, Lopez-VegaJ, MastroL, et al.. A combination of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and vinorelbine for first-line treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: An open-label, two-cohort, phase II study (VELVET) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol2012;30(Suppl):Asbtract TPS653.
PerezE, Lopez-VegaJ, MastroL, . A combination of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and vinorelbine for first-line treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: An open-label, two-cohort, phase II study (VELVET) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(Suppl):Asbtract TPS653.10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.tps653)| false
EllisPA, BarriosCH, EiermannW, et al.. Phase III, randomized study of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) ± pertuzumab (P) vs trastuzumab + taxane (HT) for first-line treatment of HER2-positive MBC: primary results from the MARIANNE study [abstract]. J Clin Oncol2015;33(Suppl):507.
EllisPA, BarriosCH, EiermannW, . Phase III, randomized study of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) ± pertuzumab (P) vs trastuzumab + taxane (HT) for first-line treatment of HER2-positive MBC: primary results from the MARIANNE study [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2015;33(Suppl):507.10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.507)| false
SlamonDJ, Leyland-JonesB, ShakS, et al.. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med2001;344:783–792.
SlamonDJ, Leyland-JonesB, ShakS, . Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med 2001;344:783–792.10.1056/NEJM200103153441101)| false
BursteinHJ, KeshaviahA, BaronAD, et al.. Trastuzumab plus vinorelbine or taxane chemotherapy for HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer: the trastuzumab and vinorelbine or taxane study. Cancer2007;110:965–972.
BursteinHJ, KeshaviahA, BaronAD, . Trastuzumab plus vinorelbine or taxane chemotherapy for HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer: the trastuzumab and vinorelbine or taxane study. Cancer 2007;110:965–972.10.1002/cncr.2288517614302)| false
RobertN, Leyland-JonesB, AsmarL, et al.. Randomized phase III study of trastuzumab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin compared with trastuzumab and paclitaxel in women with HER-2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2006;24:2786–2792.
RobertN, Leyland-JonesB, AsmarL, . Randomized phase III study of trastuzumab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin compared with trastuzumab and paclitaxel in women with HER-2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2786–2792.1678291710.1200/JCO.2005.04.1764)| false
SeidmanAD, BerryD, CirrincioneC, et al.. Randomized phase III trial of weekly compared with every-3-weeks paclitaxel for metastatic breast cancer, with trastuzumab for all HER-2 overexpressors and random assignment to trastuzumab or not in HER-2 nonoverexpressors: final results of Cancer and Leukemia Group B protocol 9840. J Clin Oncol2008;26:1642–1649.
SeidmanAD, BerryD, CirrincioneC, . Randomized phase III trial of weekly compared with every-3-weeks paclitaxel for metastatic breast cancer, with trastuzumab for all HER-2 overexpressors and random assignment to trastuzumab or not in HER-2 nonoverexpressors: final results of Cancer and Leukemia Group B protocol 9840. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1642–1649.)| false
SchallerG, BangemannN, WeberJ, et al.. Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab plus capecitabine in a German multicentre phase II study of pre-treated metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. J Clin Oncol2005;23(Suppl):Abstract 717.
SchallerG, BangemannN, WeberJ, . Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab plus capecitabine in a German multicentre phase II study of pre-treated metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(Suppl):Abstract 717.10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.717)| false
YamamotoD, IwaseS, KitamuraK, et al.. A phase II study of trastuzumab and capecitabine for patients with HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer: Japan Breast Cancer Research Network (JBCRN) 00 Trial. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol2008;61:509–514.
YamamotoD, IwaseS, KitamuraK, . A phase II study of trastuzumab and capecitabine for patients with HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer: Japan Breast Cancer Research Network (JBCRN) 00 Trial. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008;61:509–514.1751606810.1007/s00280-007-0497-5)| false
von MinckwitzG, du BoisA, SchmidtM, et al.. Trastuzumab beyond progression in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive advanced breast cancer: a german breast group 26/breast international group 03-05 study. J Clin Oncol2009;27:1999–2006.
von MinckwitzG, du BoisA, SchmidtM, . Trastuzumab beyond progression in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive advanced breast cancer: a german breast group 26/breast international group 03-05 study. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:1999–2006.10.1200/JCO.2008.19.6618)| false
Von MinckwitzG, ZielinskiC, MaarteenseE, et al.. Capecitabine vs capecitabine + trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer progressing during trastuzumab treatment: the TBP phase III study (GBG 26/BIG 3-05) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol2008;26(Suppl):Abstract 1025.
Von MinckwitzG, ZielinskiC, MaarteenseE, . Capecitabine vs capecitabine + trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer progressing during trastuzumab treatment: the TBP phase III study (GBG 26/BIG 3-05) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl):Abstract 1025.10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.1025)| false
BaselgaJ, GelmonKA, VermaS, et al.. Phase II trial of pertuzumab and trastuzumab in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer that progressed during prior trastuzumab therapy. J Clin Oncol2010;28:1138–1144.
BaselgaJ, GelmonKA, VermaS, . Phase II trial of pertuzumab and trastuzumab in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer that progressed during prior trastuzumab therapy. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:1138–1144.10.1200/JCO.2009.24.202420124182)| false
CortésJ, FumoleauP, BianchiGV, et al.. Pertuzumab monotherapy after trastuzumab-based treatment and subsequent reintroduction of trastuzumab: activity and tolerability in patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2012;30:1594–1600.
CortésJ, FumoleauP, BianchiGV, . Pertuzumab monotherapy after trastuzumab-based treatment and subsequent reintroduction of trastuzumab: activity and tolerability in patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:1594–1600.10.1200/JCO.2011.37.420722393084)| false
VermaS, MilesD, GianniL, . Trastuzumab emtansine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1783–1791.2302016210.1056/NEJMoa1209124)| false
ModiS, SauraC, YamashitaT, . Trastuzumab deruxtecan in previously treated HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2020;382:610–621.3182519210.1056/NEJMoa1914510)| false
GeyerCE, ForsterJ, LindquistD, . Lapatinib plus capecitabine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2733–2743.1719253810.1056/NEJMoa064320)| false
CameronD, CaseyM, OlivaC, et al.. Lapatinib plus capecitabine in women with HER-2-positive advanced breast cancer: final survival analysis of a phase III randomized trial. Oncologist2010;15:924–934.
CameronD, CaseyM, OlivaC, . Lapatinib plus capecitabine in women with HER-2-positive advanced breast cancer: final survival analysis of a phase III randomized trial. Oncologist 2010;15:924–934.2073629810.1634/theoncologist.2009-0181)| false
BlackwellKL, BursteinHJ, StornioloAM, et al.. Randomized study of Lapatinib alone or in combination with trastuzumab in women with ErbB2-positive, trastuzumab-refractory metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2010;28:1124–1130.
BlackwellKL, BursteinHJ, StornioloAM, . Randomized study of Lapatinib alone or in combination with trastuzumab in women with ErbB2-positive, trastuzumab-refractory metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:1124–1130.10.1200/JCO.2008.21.443720124187)| false
BlackwellKL, BursteinHJ, StornioloAM, et al.. Overall survival benefit with lapatinib in combination with trastuzumab for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer: final results from the EGF104900 Study. J Clin Oncol2012;30:2585–2592.
BlackwellKL, BursteinHJ, StornioloAM, . Overall survival benefit with lapatinib in combination with trastuzumab for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer: final results from the EGF104900 Study. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:2585–2592.10.1200/JCO.2011.35.672522689807)| false
FreedmanRA, GelmanRS, AndersCK, et al.. TBCRC 022: A phase II trial of neratinib and capecitabine for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer and brain metastases. J Clin Oncol2019;37:1081–1089.
FreedmanRA, GelmanRS, AndersCK, . TBCRC 022: A phase II trial of neratinib and capecitabine for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer and brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 2019;37:1081–1089.10.1200/JCO.18.0151130860945)| false
SauraC, OliveiraM, FengY-H, et al.. Neratinib + capecitabine versus lapatinib + capecitabine in patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer previously treated with ≥ 2 HER2-directed regimens: Findings from the multinational, randomized, phase III NALA trial. J Clin Oncol2019;37(suppl):1002–1002.
SauraC, OliveiraM, FengY-H, . Neratinib + capecitabine versus lapatinib + capecitabine in patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer previously treated with ≥ 2 HER2-directed regimens: Findings from the multinational, randomized, phase III NALA trial. J Clin Oncol 2019;37(suppl):1002–1002.10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.1002)| false
KaufmanB, MackeyJR, ClemensMR, et al.. Trastuzumab plus anastrozole versus anastrozole alone for the treatment of postmenopausal women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive, hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: results from the randomized phase III TAnDEM study. J Clin Oncol2009;27:5529–5537.
KaufmanB, MackeyJR, ClemensMR, . Trastuzumab plus anastrozole versus anastrozole alone for the treatment of postmenopausal women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive, hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: results from the randomized phase III TAnDEM study. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:5529–5537.1978667010.1200/JCO.2008.20.6847)| false
HuoberJ, FaschingPA, BarsoumM, et al.. Higher efficacy of letrozole in combination with trastuzumab compared to letrozole monotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with HER2-positive, hormone-receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer - results of the eLEcTRA trial. Breast2012;21:27–33.
HuoberJ, FaschingPA, BarsoumM, . Higher efficacy of letrozole in combination with trastuzumab compared to letrozole monotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with HER2-positive, hormone-receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer - results of the eLEcTRA trial. Breast 2012;21:27–33.10.1016/j.breast.2011.07.00621862331)| false
JohnstonS, PippenJJr, PivotX, et al.. Lapatinib combined with letrozole versus letrozole and placebo as first-line therapy for postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2009;27:5538–5546.
JohnstonS, PippenJJr, PivotX, . Lapatinib combined with letrozole versus letrozole and placebo as first-line therapy for postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:5538–5546.10.1200/JCO.2009.23.373419786658)| false
RimawiM, FerreroJM, de la Haba-RodriguezJ, et al.. First-line trastuzumab plus an aromatase inhibitor, with or without pertuzumab, in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive and hormone receptor-positive metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer (PERTAIN): A randomized, open-label phase II trial. J Clin Oncol2018;36:2826–2835.
RimawiM, FerreroJM, de la Haba-RodriguezJ, . First-line trastuzumab plus an aromatase inhibitor, with or without pertuzumab, in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive and hormone receptor-positive metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer (PERTAIN): A randomized, open-label phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:2826–2835.30106636)| false
GradisharWJ, HeggR. Phase III study of lapatinib (L) plus trastuzumab (T) and aromatase inhibitor (AI) vs T+AI vs L+AI in postmenopausal women (PMW) with HER2+, HR+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC): ALTERNATIVE. J Clin Oncol2017;35(suppl):1004–1004.
GradisharWJ, HeggR. Phase III study of lapatinib (L) plus trastuzumab (T) and aromatase inhibitor (AI) vs T+AI vs L+AI in postmenopausal women (PMW) with HER2+, HR+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC): ALTERNATIVE. J Clin Oncol 2017;35(suppl):1004–1004.10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.1004)| false
MaloneKE, DalingJR, DoodyDR, et al.. Prevalence and predictors of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a population-based study of breast cancer in white and black American women ages 35 to 64 years. Cancer Res2006;66:8297–8308.
MaloneKE, DalingJR, DoodyDR, . Prevalence and predictors of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a population-based study of breast cancer in white and black American women ages 35 to 64 years. Cancer Res 2006;66:8297–8308.10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0503)| false
KurianAW, GongGD, JohnEM, et al.. Performance of prediction models for BRCA mutation carriage in three racial/ethnic groups: findings from the Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev2009;18:1084–1091.
KurianAW, GongGD, JohnEM, . Performance of prediction models for BRCA mutation carriage in three racial/ethnic groups: findings from the Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:1084–1091.10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1090)| false
RobsonM, ImSA, SenkusE, . Olaparib for metastatic breast cancer in patients with a germline BRCA mutation. N Engl J Med 2017;377:523–533.2857860110.1056/NEJMoa1706450)| false
RobsonME, TungN, ConteP, et al.. OlympiAD final overall survival and tolerability results: olaparib versus chemotherapy treatment of physician’s choice in patients with a germline BRCA mutation and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol2019;30:558–566.
RobsonME, TungN, ConteP, . OlympiAD final overall survival and tolerability results: olaparib versus chemotherapy treatment of physician’s choice in patients with a germline BRCA mutation and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2019;30:558–566.10.1093/annonc/mdz01230689707)| false
LittonJK, RugoHS, EttlJ, . Talazoparib in patients with advanced breast cancer and a germline BRCA mutation. N Engl J Med 2018;379:753–763.10.1056/NEJMoa1802905)| false
TuttA, ToveyH, CheangMCU, et al.. Carboplatin in BRCA1/2-mutated and triple-negative breast cancer BRCAness subgroups: the TNT Trial. Nat Med2018;24:628–637.
TuttA, ToveyH, CheangMCU, . Carboplatin in BRCA1/2-mutated and triple-negative breast cancer BRCAness subgroups: the TNT Trial. Nat Med 2018;24:628–637.2971308610.1038/s41591-018-0009-7)| false
SchmidP, AdamsS, RugoHS, . Atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in advanced triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2018;379:2108–2121.10.1056/NEJMoa180961530345906)| false
EmensLA, CruzC, EderJP, et al.. Long-term clinical outcomes and biomarker analyses of atezolizumab therapy for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 1 study. JAMA Oncol2019;5:74–82.
EmensLA, CruzC, EderJP, . Long-term clinical outcomes and biomarker analyses of atezolizumab therapy for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 1 study. JAMA Oncol 2019;5:74–82.3024230610.1001/jamaoncol.2018.4224)| false
SchmidP, AdamsS, RugoHS, et al.. IMpassion130: updated overall survival (OS) from a global, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III study of atezolizumab (atezo) + nab-paclitaxel (nP) in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). J Clin Oncol2019;37(Suppl):1003–1003.
SchmidP, AdamsS, RugoHS, . IMpassion130: updated overall survival (OS) from a global, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III study of atezolizumab (atezo) + nab-paclitaxel (nP) in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). J Clin Oncol 2019;37(Suppl):1003–1003.)| false
AlbainKS, NagS, Calderillo-RuizG, et al.. Global phase III study of gemcitabine plus paclitaxel (GT) vs paclitaxel (T) as frontline therapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC): first report of overall survival [abstract]. J Clin Oncol2004;22(Suppl):510.
AlbainKS, NagS, Calderillo-RuizG, . Global phase III study of gemcitabine plus paclitaxel (GT) vs paclitaxel (T) as frontline therapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC): first report of overall survival [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2004;22(Suppl):510.10.1200/jco.2004.22.14_suppl.510)| false
CarrickS, ParkerS, WilckenN, et al.. Single agent versus combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2005;2:CD003372.
CarrickS, ParkerS, WilckenN, . Single agent versus combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;2:CD003372.15846660)| false
O’ShaughnessyJ, MilesD, VukeljaS, et al.. Superior survival with capecitabine plus docetaxel combination therapy in anthracycline-pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer: phase III trial results. J Clin Oncol2002;20:2812–2823.
O’ShaughnessyJ, MilesD, VukeljaS, . Superior survival with capecitabine plus docetaxel combination therapy in anthracycline-pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer: phase III trial results. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:2812–2823.1206555810.1200/JCO.2002.09.002)| false
SledgeGW, NeubergD, BernardoP, et al.. Phase III trial of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and the combination of doxorubicin and paclitaxel as front-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: an intergroup trial (E1193). J Clin Oncol2003;21:588–592.
SledgeGW, NeubergD, BernardoP, . Phase III trial of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and the combination of doxorubicin and paclitaxel as front-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: an intergroup trial (E1193). J Clin Oncol 2003;21:588–592.10.1200/JCO.2003.08.01312586793)| false
GennariA, StocklerM, PuntoniM, et al.. Duration of chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Clin Oncol2011;29:2144–2149.
GennariA, StocklerM, PuntoniM, . Duration of chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:2144–2149.2146440310.1200/JCO.2010.31.5374)| false
GiarratanoT, FrezziniS, ZanoccoM, et al.. Use of scalp cooling device to prevent alopecia for early breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A prospective study [published online December 14, 2019]. Breast J,doi: 10.1111/tpj.13711
GiarratanoT, FrezziniS, ZanoccoM, . Use of scalp cooling device to prevent alopecia for early breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A prospective study [published online December 14, 2019]. Breast J, doi: 10.1111/tpj.13711)| false
NangiaJ, WangT, OsborneC, et al.. Effect of a scalp cooling device on alopecia in women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer: the SCALP randomized clinical trial. JAMA2017;317:596–605.
NangiaJ, WangT, OsborneC, . Effect of a scalp cooling device on alopecia in women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer: the SCALP randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2017;317:596–605.10.1001/jama.2016.2093928196254)| false
RugoHS, KleinP, MelinSA, et al.. Association between use of a scalp cooling device and alopecia after chemotherapy for breast cancer. JAMA2017;317:606–614.
RugoHS, KleinP, MelinSA, . Association between use of a scalp cooling device and alopecia after chemotherapy for breast cancer. JAMA 2017;317:606–614.10.1001/jama.2016.2103828196257)| false
RugoHS, MelinSA, VoigtJ. Scalp cooling with adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and the risk of scalp metastases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat2017;163:199–205.
RugoHS, MelinSA, VoigtJ. Scalp cooling with adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and the risk of scalp metastases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017;163:199–205.2827592210.1007/s10549-017-4185-9)| false
StocklerMR, WilckenNJC, CoatesAS. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer – how long should it continue?Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003;81(Suppl 1):49–52.10.1023/A:1026316806601)| false
ClaessensAKM, BosMEMM, Lopez-YurdaM, et al.. Intermittent versus continuous first-line treatment for HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: the Stop & Go study of the Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group (BOOG). Breast Cancer Res Treat2018;172:413–423.
ClaessensAKM, BosMEMM, Lopez-YurdaM, . Intermittent versus continuous first-line treatment for HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: the Stop & Go study of the Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group (BOOG). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018;172:413–423.3012180810.1007/s10549-018-4906-8)| false
PerezEA, VogelCL, IrwinDH, et al.. Multicenter phase II trial of weekly paclitaxel in women with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2001;19:4216–4223.
PerezEA, VogelCL, IrwinDH, . Multicenter phase II trial of weekly paclitaxel in women with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:4216–4223.1170956510.1200/JCO.2001.19.22.4216)| false
MauriD, KamposiorasK, TsaliL, et al.. Overall survival benefit for weekly vs. three-weekly taxanes regimens in advanced breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev2010;36:69–74.
MauriD, KamposiorasK, TsaliL, . Overall survival benefit for weekly vs. three-weekly taxanes regimens in advanced breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev 2010;36:69–74.10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.10.00619945225)| false
ChanS, FriedrichsK, NoelD, et al.. Prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus doxorubicin in patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol1999;17:2341–2354.
ChanS, FriedrichsK, NoelD, . Prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus doxorubicin in patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:2341–2354.10.1200/JCO.1999.17.8.234110561296)| false
GaspariniG, Dal FiorS, PanizzoniGA, et al.. Weekly epirubicin versus doxorubicin as second line therapy in advanced breast cancer. A randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Oncol1991;14:38–44.
GaspariniG, Dal FiorS, PanizzoniGA, . Weekly epirubicin versus doxorubicin as second line therapy in advanced breast cancer. A randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Oncol 1991;14:38–44.198773710.1097/00000421-199102000-00009)| false
NorrisB, PritchardKI, JamesK, et al.. Phase III comparative study of vinorelbine combined with doxorubicin versus doxorubicin alone in disseminated metastatic/recurrent breast cancer: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study MA8. J Clin Oncol2000;18:2385–2394.
NorrisB, PritchardKI, JamesK, . Phase III comparative study of vinorelbine combined with doxorubicin versus doxorubicin alone in disseminated metastatic/recurrent breast cancer: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study MA8. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:2385–2394.10.1200/JCO.2000.18.12.2385)| false
AnderssonM, DaugaardS, von der MaaseH, et al.. Doxorubicin versus mitomycin versus doxorubicin plus mitomycin in advanced breast cancer: a randomized study. Cancer Treat Rep1986;70:1181–1186.
AnderssonM, DaugaardS, von der MaaseH, . Doxorubicin versus mitomycin versus doxorubicin plus mitomycin in advanced breast cancer: a randomized study. Cancer Treat Rep 1986;70:1181–1186.3530444)| false
O’BrienME, WiglerN, InbarM, et al.. Reduced cardiotoxicity and comparable efficacy in a phase III trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl (CAELYX/Doxil) versus conventional doxorubicin for first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol2004;15:440–449.
O’BrienME, WiglerN, InbarM, . Reduced cardiotoxicity and comparable efficacy in a phase III trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl (CAELYX/Doxil) versus conventional doxorubicin for first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2004;15:440–449.10.1093/annonc/mdh097)| false
FumoleauP, LargillierR, ClippeC, et al.. Multicentre, phase II study evaluating capecitabine monotherapy in patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer2004;40:536–542.
FumoleauP, LargillierR, ClippeC, . Multicentre, phase II study evaluating capecitabine monotherapy in patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:536–542.10.1016/j.ejca.2003.11.00714962720)| false
O’ShaughnessyJA, BlumJ, MoiseyenkoV, et al.. Randomized, open-label, phase II trial of oral capecitabine (Xeloda) vs. a reference arm of intravenous CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil) as first-line therapy for advanced/metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol2001;12:1247–1254.
O’ShaughnessyJA, BlumJ, MoiseyenkoV, . Randomized, open-label, phase II trial of oral capecitabine (Xeloda) vs. a reference arm of intravenous CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil) as first-line therapy for advanced/metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2001;12:1247–1254.10.1023/A:1012281104865)| false
CortesJ, O’ShaughnessyJ, LoeschD, et al.. Eribulin monotherapy versus treatment of physician’s choice in patients with metastatic breast cancer (EMBRACE): a phase 3 open-label randomised study. Lancet2011;377:914–923.
CortesJ, O’ShaughnessyJ, LoeschD, . Eribulin monotherapy versus treatment of physician’s choice in patients with metastatic breast cancer (EMBRACE): a phase 3 open-label randomised study. Lancet 2011;377:914–923.10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60070-621376385)| false
KaufmanPA, AwadaA, TwelvesC, et al.. Phase III open-label randomized study of eribulin mesylate versus capecitabine in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline and a taxane. J Clin Oncol2015;33:594–601.
KaufmanPA, AwadaA, TwelvesC, . Phase III open-label randomized study of eribulin mesylate versus capecitabine in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline and a taxane. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:594–601.10.1200/JCO.2013.52.4892)| false
VernieriC, PrisciandaroM, MilanoM, et al.. Single-agent gemcitabine vs. carboplatin-gemcitabine in advanced breast cancer: a retrospective comparison of efficacy and safety profiles. Clin Breast Cancer2019;19:e306–e318.
VernieriC, PrisciandaroM, MilanoM, . Single-agent gemcitabine vs. carboplatin-gemcitabine in advanced breast cancer: a retrospective comparison of efficacy and safety profiles. Clin Breast Cancer 2019;19:e306–e318.10.1016/j.clbc.2018.12.00430635175)| false
JonesS, WinerE, VogelC, et al.. Randomized comparison of vinorelbine and melphalan in anthracycline-refractory advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol1995;13:2567–2574.
JonesS, WinerE, VogelC, . Randomized comparison of vinorelbine and melphalan in anthracycline-refractory advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:2567–2574.10.1200/JCO.1995.13.10.25677595708)| false
FumoleauP, DelgadoFM, DelozierT, et al.. Phase II trial of weekly intravenous vinorelbine in first-line advanced breast cancer chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol1993;11:1245–1252.
FumoleauP, DelgadoFM, DelozierT, . Phase II trial of weekly intravenous vinorelbine in first-line advanced breast cancer chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:1245–1252.831542110.1200/JCO.1993.11.7.1245)| false
MartínM, RuizA, MuñozM, et al.. Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine versus vinorelbine monotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes: final results of the phase III Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM) trial. Lancet Oncol2007;8:219–225.
MartínM, RuizA, MuñozM, . Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine versus vinorelbine monotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes: final results of the phase III Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM) trial. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:219–225.1732919210.1016/S1470-2045(07)70041-4)| false
JonesSE, ErbanJ, OvermoyerB, et al.. Randomized phase III study of docetaxel compared with paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2005;23:5542–5551.
JonesSE, ErbanJ, OvermoyerB, . Randomized phase III study of docetaxel compared with paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:5542–5551.1611001510.1200/JCO.2005.02.027)| false
IbrahimNK, SamuelsB, PageR, et al.. Multicenter phase II trial of ABI-007, an albumin-bound paclitaxel, in women with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2005;23:6019–6026.
IbrahimNK, SamuelsB, PageR, . Multicenter phase II trial of ABI-007, an albumin-bound paclitaxel, in women with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6019–6026.10.1200/JCO.2005.11.01316135470)| false
GradisharWJ, TjulandinS, DavidsonN, et al.. Phase III trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel compared with polyethylated castor oil-based paclitaxel in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2005;23:7794–7803.
GradisharWJ, TjulandinS, DavidsonN, . Phase III trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel compared with polyethylated castor oil-based paclitaxel in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:7794–7803.1617245610.1200/JCO.2005.04.937)| false
GradisharWJ, KrasnojonD, CheporovS, et al.. Significantly longer progression-free survival with nab-paclitaxel compared with docetaxel as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2009;27:3611–3619.
GradisharWJ, KrasnojonD, CheporovS, . Significantly longer progression-free survival with nab-paclitaxel compared with docetaxel as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3611–3619.10.1200/JCO.2008.18.539719470941)| false
BastholtL, DalmarkM, GjeddeSB, et al.. Dose-response relationship of epirubicin in the treatment of postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer: a randomized study of epirubicin at four different dose levels performed by the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol1996;14:1146–1155.
BastholtL, DalmarkM, GjeddeSB, . Dose-response relationship of epirubicin in the treatment of postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer: a randomized study of epirubicin at four different dose levels performed by the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:1146–1155.10.1200/JCO.1996.14.4.11468648369)| false
RochéH, YelleL, CognettiF, et al.. Phase II clinical trial of ixabepilone (BMS-247550), an epothilone B analog, as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracycline chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol2007;25:3415–3420.
RochéH, YelleL, CognettiF, . Phase II clinical trial of ixabepilone (BMS-247550), an epothilone B analog, as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracycline chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3415–3420.10.1200/JCO.2006.09.753517606972)| false
ThomasE, TaberneroJ, FornierM, et al.. Phase II clinical trial of ixabepilone (BMS-247550), an epothilone B analog, in patients with taxane-resistant metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2007;25:3399–3406.
ThomasE, TaberneroJ, FornierM, . Phase II clinical trial of ixabepilone (BMS-247550), an epothilone B analog, in patients with taxane-resistant metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3399–3406.10.1200/JCO.2006.08.910217606975)| false
PerezEA, LerzoG, PivotX, et al.. Efficacy and safety of ixabepilone (BMS-247550) in a phase II study of patients with advanced breast cancer resistant to an anthracycline, a taxane, and capecitabine. J Clin Oncol2007;25:3407–3414.
PerezEA, LerzoG, PivotX, . Efficacy and safety of ixabepilone (BMS-247550) in a phase II study of patients with advanced breast cancer resistant to an anthracycline, a taxane, and capecitabine. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3407–3414.10.1200/JCO.2006.09.3849)| false
NabholtzJM, FalksonC, CamposD, et al.. Docetaxel and doxorubicin compared with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: results of a randomized, multicenter, phase III trial. J Clin Oncol2003;21:968–975.
NabholtzJM, FalksonC, CamposD, . Docetaxel and doxorubicin compared with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: results of a randomized, multicenter, phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:968–975.1263745910.1200/JCO.2003.04.040)| false
BiganzoliL, CuferT, BruningP, et al.. Doxorubicin and paclitaxel versus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer: the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 10961 Multicenter Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol2002;20:3114–3121.
BiganzoliL, CuferT, BruningP, . Doxorubicin and paclitaxel versus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer: the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 10961 Multicenter Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3114–3121.1211802510.1200/JCO.2002.11.005)| false
LangleyRE, CarmichaelJ, JonesAL, et al.. Phase III trial of epirubicin plus paclitaxel compared with epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: United Kingdom National Cancer Research Institute trial AB01. J Clin Oncol2005;23:8322–8330.
LangleyRE, CarmichaelJ, JonesAL, . Phase III trial of epirubicin plus paclitaxel compared with epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: United Kingdom National Cancer Research Institute trial AB01. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8322–8330.10.1200/JCO.2005.01.181716293863)| false
AlbainKS, NagSM, Calderillo-RuizG, et al.. Gemcitabine plus paclitaxel versus paclitaxel monotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer and prior anthracycline treatment. J Clin Oncol2008;26:3950–3957.
AlbainKS, NagSM, Calderillo-RuizG, . Gemcitabine plus paclitaxel versus paclitaxel monotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer and prior anthracycline treatment. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:3950–3957.1871118410.1200/JCO.2007.11.9362)| false
StocklerMR, HarveyVJ, FrancisPA, et al.. Capecitabine versus classical cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as first-line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2011;29:4498–4504.
StocklerMR, HarveyVJ, FrancisPA, . Capecitabine versus classical cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as first-line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:4498–4504.10.1200/JCO.2010.33.910122025143)| false
O’ShaughnessyJ, SchwartzbergL, DansoMA, et al.. Phase III study of iniparib plus gemcitabine and carboplatin versus gemcitabine and carboplatin in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2014;32:3840–3847.
O’ShaughnessyJ, SchwartzbergL, DansoMA, . Phase III study of iniparib plus gemcitabine and carboplatin versus gemcitabine and carboplatin in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:3840–3847.2534930110.1200/JCO.2014.55.2984)| false
YardleyDA, BrufskyA, ColemanRE, et al.. Phase II/III weekly nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine or carboplatin versus gemcitabine/carboplatin as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (the tnAcity study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials2015;16:575.
YardleyDA, BrufskyA, ColemanRE, . Phase II/III weekly nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine or carboplatin versus gemcitabine/carboplatin as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (the tnAcity study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015;16:575.10.1186/s13063-015-1101-726673577)| false
NelliF, MoscettiL, NatoliG, et al.. Gemcitabine and carboplatin for pretreated metastatic breast cancer: the predictive value of immunohistochemically defined subtypes. Int J Clin Oncol2013;18:343–349.
NelliF, MoscettiL, NatoliG, . Gemcitabine and carboplatin for pretreated metastatic breast cancer: the predictive value of immunohistochemically defined subtypes. Int J Clin Oncol 2013;18:343–349.2235002410.1007/s10147-012-0384-x)| false
YardleyDA, ColemanR, ConteP, et al.. nab-Paclitaxel plus carboplatin or gemcitabine versus gemcitabine plus carboplatin as first-line treatment of patients with triple-negative metastatic breast cancer: results from the tnAcity trial. Ann Oncol2018;29:1763–1770.
YardleyDA, ColemanR, ConteP, . nab-Paclitaxel plus carboplatin or gemcitabine versus gemcitabine plus carboplatin as first-line treatment of patients with triple-negative metastatic breast cancer: results from the tnAcity trial. Ann Oncol 2018;29:1763–1770.10.1093/annonc/mdy20129878040)| false
PerezEA, HillmanDW, StellaPJ, et al.. A phase II study of paclitaxel plus carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy for women with metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer2000;88:124–131.
PerezEA, HillmanDW, StellaPJ, . A phase II study of paclitaxel plus carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy for women with metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer 2000;88:124–131.1061861410.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000101)88:1<124::AID-CNCR17>3.0.CO;2-F)| false
FountzilasG, KalofonosHP, DafniU, et al.. Paclitaxel and epirubicin versus paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer: a phase III study conducted by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. Ann Oncol2004;15:1517–1526.
FountzilasG, KalofonosHP, DafniU, . Paclitaxel and epirubicin versus paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer: a phase III study conducted by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. Ann Oncol 2004;15:1517–1526.10.1093/annonc/mdh39515367413)| false
MillerK, WangM, GralowJ, . Paclitaxel plus bevacizumab versus paclitaxel alone for metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2666–2676.1816068610.1056/NEJMoa072113)| false
RobertNJ, DierasV, GlaspyJ, et al.. RIBBON-1: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab (B) for first-line treatment of HER2-negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol2009;27(Suppl):1005.
RobertNJ, DierasV, GlaspyJ, . RIBBON-1: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab (B) for first-line treatment of HER2-negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl):1005.)| false
RobertNJ, DiérasV, GlaspyJ, et al.. RIBBON-1: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab for first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2011;29:1252–1260.
RobertNJ, DiérasV, GlaspyJ, . RIBBON-1: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab for first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:1252–1260.2138328310.1200/JCO.2010.28.0982)| false
MavroudisD, PapakotoulasP, ArdavanisA, et al.. Randomized phase III trial comparing docetaxel plus epirubicin versus docetaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment in women with advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol2010;21:48–54.
MavroudisD, PapakotoulasP, ArdavanisA, . Randomized phase III trial comparing docetaxel plus epirubicin versus docetaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment in women with advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2010;21:48–54.1990676110.1093/annonc/mdp498)| false
MilesDW, ChanA, DirixLY, et al.. Phase III study of bevacizumab plus docetaxel compared with placebo plus docetaxel for the first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol2010;28:3239–3247.
MilesDW, ChanA, DirixLY, . Phase III study of bevacizumab plus docetaxel compared with placebo plus docetaxel for the first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:3239–3247.2049840310.1200/JCO.2008.21.6457)| false
RugoHS, BarryWT, Moreno-AspitiaA, et al.. Randomized phase III trial of paclitaxel once per week compared with nanoparticle albumin-bound nab-paclitaxel once per week or ixabepilone with bevacizumab as first-line chemotherapy for locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: CALGB 40502/NCCTG N063H (Alliance). J Clin Oncol2015;33:2361–2369.
RugoHS, BarryWT, Moreno-AspitiaA, . Randomized phase III trial of paclitaxel once per week compared with nanoparticle albumin-bound nab-paclitaxel once per week or ixabepilone with bevacizumab as first-line chemotherapy for locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: CALGB 40502/NCCTG N063H (Alliance). J Clin Oncol 2015;33:2361–2369.26056183)| false
O'ShaughnessyJ, MilesD, GrayRJ, et al.. A meta-analysis of overall survival data from three randomized trials of bevacizumab (BV) and first-line chemotherapy as treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol2010;28(Suppl):1005.
O'ShaughnessyJ, MilesD, GrayRJ, . A meta-analysis of overall survival data from three randomized trials of bevacizumab (BV) and first-line chemotherapy as treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(Suppl):1005.10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.1005)| false
DrilonA, LaetschTW, KummarS, . Efficacy of larotrectinib in TRK fusion-positive cancers in adults and children. N Engl J Med 2018;378:731–739.10.1056/NEJMoa171444829466156)| false
Meric-BernstamF, ShuklaN, PeledN, et al.. Abstract P6-20-02: Activity of larotrectinib, a highly selective inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinase, in TRK fusion breast cancers. Cancer Res2019;79(Suppl):P6-20-02.
Meric-BernstamF, ShuklaN, PeledN, . Abstract P6-20-02: Activity of larotrectinib, a highly selective inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinase, in TRK fusion breast cancers. Cancer Res 2019;79(Suppl):P6-20-02.)| false
DemetriGD, Paz-AresL, FaragoAF, et al.. Efficacy and safety of entrectinib in patients with NTRK fusion-positive tumors: pooled analysis of STARTRK-2, STARTRK-1, and ALKA-372-001. Ann Oncol2018;29(Suppl 8):viii713.
DemetriGD, Paz-AresL, FaragoAF, . Efficacy and safety of entrectinib in patients with NTRK fusion-positive tumors: pooled analysis of STARTRK-2, STARTRK-1, and ALKA-372-001. Ann Oncol 2018;29(Suppl 8):viii713.10.1093/annonc/mdy424.017)| false
AdamsS, LoiS, ToppmeyerD, et al.. Pembrolizumab monotherapy for previously untreated, PD-L1-positive, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: cohort B of the phase II KEYNOTE-086 study. Ann Oncol2019;30:405–411.
AdamsS, LoiS, ToppmeyerD, . Pembrolizumab monotherapy for previously untreated, PD-L1-positive, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: cohort B of the phase II KEYNOTE-086 study. Ann Oncol 2019;30:405–411.10.1093/annonc/mdy51830475947)| false
PhanK, CharifM. Pembrolizumab for PD-L1-positive breast cancer refractory to chemotherapy [published online. Am J Ther,doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001015
PhanK, CharifM. Pembrolizumab for PD-L1-positive breast cancer refractory to chemotherapy [published online. Am J Ther, doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001015)| false
NandaR, ChowLQ, DeesEC, et al.. Pembrolizumab in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer: phase Ib KEYNOTE-012 study. J Clin Oncol2016;34:2460–2467.
AlvaAS, MangatPK, Garrett-MayerE, et al.. Pembrolizumab (P) in patients (pts) with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with high tumor mutational burden (HTMB): Results from the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry (TAPUR) Study. J Clin Oncol2019;37(suppl):1014–1014.
AlvaAS, MangatPK, Garrett-MayerE, . Pembrolizumab (P) in patients (pts) with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with high tumor mutational burden (HTMB): Results from the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry (TAPUR) Study. J Clin Oncol 2019;37(suppl):1014–1014.10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.1014)| false
