Small Renal Masses With Tumor Size 0 to 2 cm: A SEER-Based Study and Validation of NCCN Guidelines
Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy;
Search for other papers by Angela Pecoraro in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy;
Search for other papers by Giuseppe Rosiello in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy;
Search for other papers by Stefano Luzzago in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany;
Search for other papers by Marina Deuker in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Martini Klinik, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;
Search for other papers by Franciska Stolzenbach in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Zhe Tian in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;
Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
Search for other papers by Shahrokh F. Shariat in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Division of Urology, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
Search for other papers by Fred Saad in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alberto Briganti in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Anil Kapoor in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Cristian Fiori in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Francesco Porpiglia in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Division of Urology, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
Search for other papers by Pierre I. Karakiewicz in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Background: The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Kidney Cancer recommend active surveillance as an option for initial management of T1a 0- to 2-cm renal lesions, in addition to partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, and focal ablation. However, contemporary data regarding the distribution of patient and renal cell carcinoma characteristics within this special patient group are scarce. Methods: Within the SEER database (2002–2016), 13,364 patients with T1aNanyMany 0- to 2-cm renal lesions treated with nephrectomy were identified. Data were tabulated according to histologic subtype, Fuhrman grade (FG1–2 vs FG3–4), age category, and sex. In addition, rates of synchronous metastases were quantified. Results: Overall, clear-cell (69.3%), papillary (21.4%), chromophobe (6.9%), multilocular cystic (2.0%), sarcomatoid dedifferentiation (0.2%), and collecting-duct histologic subtypes (0.2%) were identified. Advanced age was associated with a lower rate of FG1–2 clear cell histologic subtype (70.8%–50.3%) but higher rates of FG1–2 papillary (11.1%–23.9%) and chromophobe histologic subtypes (6.2%–8.5%). Overall, 14.5% individuals harbored FG3–4 clear cell (9.8%) or FG3–4 papillary histologic subtypes (4.8%), and both were more prevalent in men. FG3–4 clear-cell and FG3–4 papillary histologic subtypes increased with age, more so in women than in men. The overall rate of synchronous metastases was 0.4% and ranged from 0 in the multilocular cystic subtype to 0.9% in the FG3–4 papillary histologic subtype, respectively, except for 13.8% in the sarcomatoid dedifferentiation histologic subtype. Conclusions: Most T1a 0- to 2-cm renal cell carcinoma represents the low-grade clear-cell or low-grade papillary histologic subtype, with an FG3–4 minority. Even in patients with the FG3–4 histologic subtype, rates of synchronous metastases are virtually zero.
Submitted October 20, 2019; accepted for publication April 13, 2020.
Author contributions: Project development: Pecoraro, Karakiewicz. Data collection: Pecoraro, Rosiello, Luzzago, Deuker, Stolzenbach. Data analyses: Pecoraro, Tian. Manuscript writing: Pecoraro, Karakiewicz. Manuscript editing: Pecoraro, Rosiello, Luzzago, Stolzenbach, Shariat, Saad, Briganti, Kapoor, Fiori, Porpiglia.
Disclosures: The authors have disclosed that they have not received any financial consideration from any person or organization to support the preparation, analysis, results, or discussion of this article.
© 2019-2024 National Comprehensive Cancer Network